Table 1.

Ranges of key working factors for pyrolysis procedures. Reprinted with permission from Refs. [123], [124].

Factors	Conventional Pyrolysis	Quick Pyrolysis	Spark Pyrolysis
Temperature (K)	550–950	850–1250	1050–1300
Heating rate (K/s)	0.1–1.0	10–200	more than 1000
Particle size (mm)	5–50	less than 1	less than 0.2
Solid residence time (s)	450–550	0.5 − 10	less than 0.5
Main product (s)	Biochar	Bio-oil/syngas	Bio-oil