TABLE 3.
Descriptive statistics of the measurements made on the three sets of models (n = 20) as well as the mean differences between the two types of printed models and the gold standard plaster models in conjunction with the p‐values of statistical testing and the intra‐class correlation coefficients
| Measurements | Type | Mean | SE | SD | Mean difference (95% CI) | SE mean difference | p‐valuea | ICCb |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| UCCW | FDM | 34.01 | 0.47 | 2.11 | 0.04 (−0.63, 0.72) | 0.32 | 0.893 | 0.916 |
| DLP | 33.77 | 0.63 | 2.82 | 0.20 (−1.11, 1.50) | 0.62 | 0.755 | 0.926 | |
| UPPM | FDM | 40.30 | 0.64 | 2.85 | −0.24 (−0.49, 0.00) | 0.12 | 0.053 | 0.990 |
| DLP | 40.00 | 0.50 | 2.22 | 0.48 (−0.37, 1.35) | 0.44 | 0.228 | 0.980 | |
| UMMW | FDM | 49.36 | 0.56 | 2.50 | 0.17 (−0.17, 0.51) | 0.16 | 0.314 | 0.980 |
| DLP | 48.94 | 0.69 | 3.10 | 0.26 (−0.33, 0.85) | 0.28 | 0.366 | 0.989 | |
| D16‐15 | FDM | 5.89 | 0.20 | 0.91 | −0.15 (−0.49, 0.20) | 0.17 | 0.394 | 0.881 |
| DLP | 5.99 | 0.19 | 0.84 | 0.05 (−0.35, 0.45) | 0.19 | 0.804 | 0.981 | |
| D15‐14 | FDM | 6.86 | 0.19 | 0.83 | −0.23 (−0.49, 0.02) | 0.12 | 0.072 | 0.848 |
| DLP | 7.17 | 0.16 | 0.72 | −0.08 (−0.27, 0.11) | 0.09 | 0.389 | 0.948 | |
| D14‐13 | FDM | 8.26 | 0.19 | 0.85 | −0.21 (−0.63, 0.19) | 0.20 | 0.288 | 0.971 |
| DLP | 8.69 | 0.22 | 1.00 | −0.21(−0.70, 0.27) | 0.23 | 0.373 | 0.976 | |
| D13‐12 | FDM | 8.10 | 0.21 | 0.92 | 0.17 (−0.07, 0.40) | 0.11 | 0.149 | 0.939 |
| DLP | 7.99 | 0.23 | 1.02 | −0.05 (−0.26, 0.16) | 0.10 | 0.626 | 0.944 | |
| D12‐11 | FDM | 7.14 | 0.22 | 0.96 | 0.02 (−0.29, 0.34) | 0.15 | 0.880 | 0.885 |
| DLP | 7.22 | 0.24 | 1.06 | −0.10 (−0.38, 0.18) | 0.14 | 0.475 | 0.898 | |
| D11‐21 | FDM | 7.45 | 0.26 | 1.16 | 0.08 (−0.09, 0.25) | 0.08 | 0.340 | 0.975 |
| DLP | 7.57 | 0.26 | 1.15 | −0.20 (−0.43, 0.04) | 0.11 | 0.096 | 0.957 | |
| D21‐22 | FDM | 6.84 | 0.19 | 0.83 | 0.00 (−0.23, 0.23) | 0.11 | 0.989 | 0.912 |
| DLP | 6.93 | 0.21 | 0.95 | −0.09 (−0.27, 0.09) | 0.09 | 0.327 | 0.918 | |
| D22‐23 | FDM | 7.65 | 0.23 | 1.03 | −0.09 (−0.28, 0.10) | 0.09 | 0.346 | 0.877 |
| DLP | 8.08 | 0.22 | 1.00 | 0.06 (−0.38, 0.50) | 0.21 | 0.777 | 0.968 | |
| D23‐24 | FDM | 7.98 | 0.25 | 1.11 | −0.05 (−0.28, 0.17) | 0.11 | 0.624 | 0.802 |
| DLP | 8.24 | 0.24 | 1.09 | −0.22 (−0.51, 0.07) | 0.14 | 0.128 | 0.980 | |
| D24‐25 | FDM | 6.46 | 0.21 | 0.94 | −0.24 (−0.58, 0.17) | 0.17 | 0.163 | 0.807 |
| DLP | 6.73 | 0.15 | 0.67 | −0.03 (−0.29, 0.24) | 0.13 | 0.820 | 0.977 | |
| D25‐26 | FDM | 6.16 | 0.19 | 0.85 | −0.05 (−0.30, 0.19) | 0.12 | 0.652 | 0.888 |
| DLP | 6.33 | 0.18 | 0.81 | −0.12 (−0.39, 0.16) | 0.13 | 0.387 | 0.960 | |
| G16‐14 | FDM | 14.29 | 0.46 | 2.07 | −0.22 (−0.87, 0.43) | 0.31 | 0.492 | 0.862 |
| DLP | 14.50 | 0.40 | 1.79 | 0.00 (−0.37, 0.37) | 0.18 | 0.980 | 0.889 | |
| G14‐11 | FDM | 27.55 | 0.47 | 2.09 | −0.49 (−1.25, −0.26) | 0.25 | 0.005 | 0.892 |
| DLP | 28.16 | 0.47 | 2.12 | 0.50 (−0.09, 1.09) | 0.28 | 0.092 | 0.910 | |
| G21‐24 | FDM | 26.79 | 0.62 | 2.78 | −0.48 (−1.10, 0.13) | 0.42 | 0.093 | 0.838 |
| DLP | 27.42 | 0.65 | 2.92 | 0.11 (−0.86, 1.08) | 0.46 | 0.812 | 0.901 | |
| G24‐26 | FDM | 15.31 | 0.36 | 1.61 | 0.06 (−0.34, 0.46) | 0.19 | 0.766 | 0.912 |
| DLP | 15.53 | 0.32 | 1.43 | −0.29 (−0.78, 0.21) | 0.24 | 0.243 | 0.925 | |
| U1ThickR | FDM | 5.90 | 0.11 | 0.49 | −0.12 (−0.21, −0.03) | 0.04 | 0.015 | 0.946 |
| DLP | 6.09 | 0.13 | 0.59 | 0.06 (−0.11, 0.24) | 0.08 | 0.463 | 0.945 | |
| U1ThickL | FDM | 5.80 | 0.13 | 0.59 | −0.21 (−0.43, −0.00) | 0.10 | 0.048 | 0.802 |
| DLP | 6.12 | 0.14 | 0.64 | 0.01 (−0.33, 0.34) | 0.16 | 0.973 | 0.960 |
Note: Bonferroni's correction was used to adjust the level of significance to 0.002. Variables' definitions are given in Table 1.
a
Systemic error was assessed using paired t tests.
b
Random error was assessed using Intra class Correlation Coefficient based on absolute agreement.
Abbreviations: ICC, Intra class Correlation Coefficient; SD, Standard Deviation; SE, Standard Error.