TABLE 1.
Participant characteristics
| Total | Male | Female | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 113 | 31 | 82 | |
| Mean age (years) | 75.7 ± 7.3 | 75.3 ± 7.7 | 75.9 ± 7.1 | .70 |
| Mean Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 22.4 ± 3.2 | 22.0 ± 3.2 | 22.6 ± 3.2 | .38 |
| LSA | 88.0 ± 22.4 | 88.4 ± 25.3 | 87.9 ± 21.4 | .92 |
| LSNS‐6 | 15.9 ± 5.6 | 16.7 ± 5.8 | 15.6 ± 5.5 | .36 |
| Oral function | ||||
| Tongue pressure (kPa) | 29.3 ± 8.3 | 31.0 ± 10.2 | 28.6 ± 7.4 | .18 |
| RSST(times/30 s) | 4.7 ± 2.3 | 5.1 ± 2.7 | 4.5 ± 2.2 | .22 |
| ODK “pa” (times/s) | 5.8 ± 0.9 | 5.9 ± 1.0 | 5.8 ± 0.9 | .58 |
| ODK “ta” (times/s) | 5.7 ± 1.0 | 5.7 ± 1.3 | 5.8 ± 0.8 | .74 |
| ODK “ka” (times/s) | 5.4 ± 1.2 | 5.1 ± 1.5 | 5.6 ± 1.1 | .08 |
| Lip pressure(kg) | 1.0 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.9 ± 0.4 | .13 |
| Frailty | ||||
| Grip strengh (kg) | 24.7 ± 7.1 | 32.2 ± 6.7 | 21.8 ± 4.8 | <.01 |
| Kihon checlist score | 2.4 ± 2.1 | 2.1 ± 2.0 | 2.5 ± 2.2 | .43 |
Note: All data are shown as the mean ± SD.
Abbreviations: LSA, Life‐Space Assessment; LSNA‐6, Lubben Social Network Scale‐6; ODK, oral diadochokinesis; RSST, repetitive saliva swallowing test.