. 2021 May 14;50(6):20210153. doi: 10.1259/dmfr.20210153

Table 2.

Overview of the biological effects detected in patients following cone beam CT

Assay	Gender	Age (years)	Dose	Time of sampling	Tissue examined	Tissue used	Biological effects	References
MN assay	9 females 10 males	26.8 ± 5.0	Not mentioned	Before and 10 days after cone beam computed tomography	Oral cavity	Exfoliated oral mucosa cells	No induction of MN, but induction cytotoxicity (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis)	Carlin et al. (2010)¹⁰¹
	10 girls 14 boys	11 ± 1.2	Range: 287 µSv - 304 µSv					Lorenzoni et al. (2013)¹⁰²
	39 females seven males	23–42	Range: 448.15–730.79 mGy·cm²					Yang et al. (2017)¹⁰³
	17 females 12 males	45.8 ± 12.5	Not mentioned				Significant induction of MN, and cytotoxicity (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis)	Da Fonte et al. (2018)¹⁰⁴
	70 females 28 males	23.63 ± 6.64	Range: 0.18 mGy – 3.54 mGy				Significant induction of MN, and cytotoxicity (pyknosis, karyolysis, karyorrhexis) above 1 mGy. Below 1 mGy, only significant induction of karyorrhexis.	Li et al. (2018)¹⁰⁵

MN, micronucleus.