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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Nov 2.
Published in final edited form as: Curr Opin Microbiol. 2020 Nov 2;56:118–126. doi: 10.1016/j.mib.2020.09.001

Figure 2. Mechanisms of microbiota-host interactions promoting tumorigenesis.

Figure 2

Non-modifiable (genetic) and environmental factors promote intestinal epithelial barrier disruption and dysbiosis. Barrier dysfunction causes bacterial penetration through the epithelium and their interaction with host cells by several mechanisms: (1) immune cell activation and triggering of pro-tumorigenic inflammation; (2) Epithelial cell DNA damage by bacterial toxins or bacteria-induced genotoxic products (e.g. ROS) ; (3) modulation of immune, stromal and cancer cell function through the effect of bacterial metabolites acting locally or distantly. Figure was produced using BioRender platform.