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. 2021 Aug 30;78(10):1001–1011. doi: 10.1016/j.jacc.2021.07.003

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© 2021 The Authors

Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.

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Metoprolol Disrupts COVID-19–Associated Exacerbated Lung Inflammation

(A) Day 4 inflammatory cell populations in BAL from control and metoprolol-treated severe COVID-19 patients. Dots represent individuals and bars and error bars show mean values (boxes) ± SD (error bars). ∗P < 0.05 by unpaired Student's t-test. (B) Attenuation of MCP-1 in cell-free BAL from metoprolol-treated patients. (C) Attenuation of neutrophil hyperactivation biomarkers (Cit-H3 and MPO-DNA complexes) in cell-free BAL from metoprolol-treated patients. Data are presented as individuals’ (dots) paired data between days 1 and 4. ∗∗P < 0.01 by paired Student's t-test. (D) Representative images of Giemsa-stained BAL samples from control and metoprolol-treated patients at day 4. Scale bar, 50 μm. Control, n = 8; metoprolol, n = 12. BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage; Cit-H3 = citrullinated histone-3; COVID-19 = coronavirus disease-2019; MCP = monocyte chemoattractant protein; MPO = myeloperoxidase.