Table 3.
Risk factors of MACEs in RA patients examined by conditional logistic regression analyses.
| Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR | 95% CI | p-value | OR | 95% CI | p-value | |
| Co-morbidities | ||||||
| Heart failure | 1.57 | 1.35–1.82 | <0.001 | 1.13 | 0.97–1.32 | 0.131 |
| Hypertension | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Hypertension without anti-hypertensive agents | 1.37 | 1.27–1.47 | 0.411 | 1.04 | 0.96–1.12 | <0.001 |
| Hypertension with anti-hypertensive agents | 1.99 | 1.85–2.13 | <0.001 | 1.47 | 1.36–1.59 | <0.001 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 1.62 | 1.52–1.74 | <0.001 | 1.27 | 1.18–1.37 | <0.001 |
| Vascular disease | 1.29 | 1.10–1.52 | 0.002 | 1.04 | 0.88–1.23 | 0.621 |
| Hyperlipidemia | ||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||||
| Hyperlipidemia without lipid-lowering agents | 1.57 | 1.47–1.68 | <0.001 | 1.09 | 1.01–1.17 | 0.019 |
| Hyperlipidemia with lipid-lowering agents | 1.17 | 1.05–1.30 | 0.006 | 0.95 | 0.85–1.07 | 0.414 |
| Ischemic heart disease | 1.80 | 1.66–1.96 | <0.001 | 1.20 | 1.10–1.31 | <0.001 |
| Valvular heart disease | 1.16 | 0.98–1.37 | 0.095 | 0.92 | 0.77–1.10 | 0.356 |
| COPD | 1.30 | 1.20–1.41 | <0.001 | 1.12 | 1.03–1.23 | 0.008 |
| Renal disease | 1.30 | 1.14–1.47 | <0.001 | 1.06 | 0.92–1.21 | 0.431 |
| Hyperthyroidism | 1.08 | 0.79–1.48 | 0.643 | 0.98 | 0.71–1.36 | 0.923 |
| Hypothyroidism | 1.01 | 0.73–1.39 | 0.974 | 0.95 | 0.69–1.33 | 0.782 |
| Depression or Anxiety | 1.19 | 1.08–1.31 | <0.001 | 1.06 | 0.96–1.17 | 0.233 |
| Biological agents | ||||||
| Etanercept or Adalimumab or Golimumab | 0.61 | 0.49–0.76 | <0.001 | |||
| Etanercept | 0.59 | 0.44–0.80 | <0.001 | 0.85 | 0.62–1.17 | 0.310 |
| Adalimumab | 0.78 | 0.57–1.08 | 0.138 | 1.21 | 0.86–1.70 | 0.286 |
| Golimumab | 0.06 | 0.01–0.43 | 0.005 | 0.09 | 0.01–0.67 | 0.019 |
| Tocilizumab | 0.31 | 0.10–1.00 | 0.049 | 0.43 | 0.13–1.42 | 0.167 |
| Abatacept | 0.08 | 0.01–0.60 | 0.014 | 0.13 | 0.02–0.93 | 0.042 |
| Rituximab | 0.60 | 0.34–1.06 | 0.076 | 0.69 | 0.38–1.23 | 0.209 |
| Concomitant DMARDs | ||||||
| Methotrexate | 0.60 | 0.55–0.67 | <0.001 | 0.72 | 0.64–0.81 | <0.001 |
| Sulfasalazine | 0.82 | 0.75–0.90 | <0.001 | 1.06 | 0.95–1.18 | 0.326 |
| Leflunomide | 0.79 | 0.66–0.95 | 0.013 | 1.02 | 0.84–0.99 | 0.822 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 0.77 | 0.71–0.83 | <0.001 | 0.90 | 0.82–0.99 | 0.025 |
| Cyclosporin | 1.05 | 0.80–1.38 | 0.716 | 1.43 | 1.07–1.91 | 0.016 |
| Azathioprine | 0.96 | 0.72–1.27 | 0.756 | 1.01 | 0.76–1.36 | 0.930 |
| NSAIDs | 1.54 | 1.44–1.65 | <0.001 | 1.36 | 1.27–1.46 | <0.001 |
| Naproxen | 0.91 | 0.78–1.07 | 0.250 | |||
| Steroid, mg Pd equivalent/day | 0.86 | 0.79–0.94 | <0.001 | |||
| Not use | Ref | Ref | ||||
| ⩽5 mg/day | 1.05 | 0.99–1.11 | 0.912 | 1.03 | 0.97–1.10 | 0.878 |
| >5 mg/day | 1.17 | 0.39–3.56 | 0.814 | 0.97 | 0.31–3.03 | 0.936 |
| Antiplatelet agents | 2.92 | 2.75–3.10 | <0.001 | 2.47 | 2.31–2.63 | <0.001 |
| Anticoagulants | 1.23 | 1.10–1.38 | <0.001 | 0.95 | 0.85–1.07 | 0.434 |
Matched variables include age, gender, and disease duration.
95% CI, 95% confidence intervals; COPD, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; DMARDs, disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs; MACE, major adverse cardiovascular events; NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; OR, odds ratios; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; ref, reference.