Figure 7.

Bisphenol chemical effects on atrioventricular conduction in response to atrial pacing. A, Representative ECG recordings during atrial pacing show failure to capture in BPA-treated hearts, indicating slowed atrioventricular conduction. The timing of S1-S1 pulses (90 msec) is indicated below. B, Longer Wenckebach cycle length (WBCL) following exposure to BPA concentrations (0.01–100 µM), as compared with baseline. Note: Complete Heart block denoted by measurement > 150 msec (longest S1 pacing interval tested). C, Longer WBCL after 100 µM BPA exposure largely recovers after 15-min washout. D, WBCL measurements at high BPA doses were confounded by complete heart block. E, 100 µM BPF exposure results in longer WBCL. F, Moderate recovery in atrioventricular conduction after BPF washout. G and H, No change in WBCL was observed after exposure to 10–100 µM BPS. Values reported as mean ± SD. *q < 0.05 as determined by RM-ANOVA with multiple comparisons testing (0.1 FDR). Number of replicates indicated in each bar graph. Abbreviation: ECG, electrocardiogram.