Table 4.

Unadjusted and adjusted odds ratios (95% confidence intervals (CI)) of variables associated with probable depression among young men and women overall, South Africa (n = 419)

	Unadjusted		Adjusted
Variables	OR 95% (CI)	P-value	OR 95% (CI)	P-value
Primary exposure
Amount of time in a day spent actively using a cellphone
≥ 8 hours vs < 8 hours	2.03 (1.33–3.11)	0.01	1.83 (1.16–2.90)	0.01
Potential Confounders
Site
Soweto vs Durban	1.01 (0.69–1.48)	0.96	-	-
Gender
Women vs. Men	1.79 (1.20–2.67)	0.004	1.59 (1.03–2.45)	0.04
Age group (in years)
21–24 vs 16–20	1.18 (0.77–1.83)	0.45	-	-
Sexual orientation d
LGBTQ vs heterosexual	1.43 (0.67–3.05)	0.35	-	-
Type of housing
Other vs formal housing	1.06 (0.70–1.62)	0.78	-	-
Head of household
Female vs. Other	1.12 (0.76–1.67)	0.57	-	-
Average own income (in Rand)
1601–More vs None–1600	1.91 (1.21–3.02)	0.006	1.73 (1.05–2.85)	0.03
Are you a student
No vs Yes	1.51 (0.99–2.3)	0.06	1.09 (0.68–1.74)	0.72
Number of persons financially depending on participant
≥1 vs 0	1.94 (1.27–2.96)	0.002	1.71 (1.07–2.74)	0.03
Ever had consensual sex
Yes vs No	1.25 (0.69–2.07)	0.52	-	-
Do you have your own cell phone?
Yes vs No	1.88 (0.72–4.47)	0.21	1.78 (0.58–5.80)	0.33

^dLGBTQ: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning. The italicized ORs are significant as they do not contain the null.