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. 2021 Aug 21;2021:7844455. doi: 10.1155/2021/7844455

Figure 3.

Figure 3

Methods for generating engineered exosomes in treating kidney injury. Incubation, electroporation, and transfection are three common methods of loading targeted molecules or substances into exosomes. These exosomes reveal benefits in anti-inflammatory, antiapoptotic, antioxidative, and antifibrotic aspects.