Table 1.
The diagnostic role of urine-derived exosomal miRNA in renal disease.
| Kidney diseases | Changeable molecules | Mechanisms | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|
| AKI | Upregulation: ↑ miR-200c, miR-9a, miR-141, miR-200a, miR-429 |
Target Zeb1/2 Regulate TGF-β-associated fibrosis |
[45] |
| miR-16, miR-24, miR-30c-5p, miR-192-5p | - | [45, 46] | |
|
| |||
| T2DN | Upregulation: ↑ miR-19b-3p |
Target SOCS-1 Regulate inflammation |
[47] |
| miR-320c | Target TSP-1 Regulate TGF-β-associated fibrosis |
[48] | |
| miR-150-5p, miR-362-3p, miR-877-3p | Regulate p53, mTOR, AMPK pathways Involve in oxidative stress and fibrosis |
[49] | |
| miR-133b, miR-30a, miR-342, miR-192, miR-15b, miR-34a, miR-636, miR-let-7c-5p | Regulate fibrosis | [50–53] | |
| Downregulation: ↓ miR-let-7i-3p, miR-24-3p, miR-27b-3p, |
Involve in Wnt/β-catenin signaling | [54] | |
|
| |||
| T1DN | Upregulation: ↑ miR-145, miR-30a Downregulation: ↓ miR-155, miR-424 |
- | [55, 56] |
|
| |||
| LN | Upregulation: ↑ miR-26a |
Regulate podocyte differentiation and cytoskeletal integrity | [57] |
| miR-21, miR-150 | Target VEGFA and SP1 Regulate fibrosis |
[58] | |
| miR-146a | Target IRAK1 and TRAF6 Regulate inflammation |
[59] | |
| Downregulation: ↓ miR-29c, miR-let-7a |
- | [60, 61] | |
|
| |||
| PKD | Downregulation: ↓ miR-30a-5p, miR-30d-5p, miR-194-5p |
- | [62] |
|
| |||
| RCC | Upregulation: ↑ miR-150-5p, miR-204-5p |
- | [63, 64] |
| Downregulation: ↓ miR-126-3p |
- | [63] | |
|
| |||
| FSGS | Upregulation: ↑ miR-155 Downregulation: ↓ miR-1915, miR-663 |
- | [65] |
|
| |||
| NS | Upregulation: ↑ miR-194-5p, miR-146b-5p, miR-378-3p, miR-23b-3p, miR-30a-5p |
- | [66] |