Table 2.
The mechanisms of MSC and other cell-derived exosomes in attenuating kidney injury.
| Sources of exosomes | Cargos | Species/models | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| hWJMSCs | miR-30 | SD rats/left kidney ischemia for 45 mins | Inhibit DRP1 Antiapoptosis |
[103] |
| miR-15, miR-16 | SD rats/left kidney ischemia for 60 mins | Inhibit CX3CL1 Anti-inflammation |
[104] | |
| _ | Rats/left kidney ischemia for 45 mins NRK-52E cells/hypoxia for 6 h |
Activate Nrf2/ARE pathway Antioxidation |
[105] | |
|
| ||||
| hucMSCs | HGF mRNA | SD rats/left kidney ischemia for 1 h | Activate ERK 1/2 pathway Antiapoptosis |
[106] |
| _ | SD rats: 6 mg/kg cisplatin NRK-52E cells/5 μM cisplatin for 6 h |
Activate ERK 1/2 pathway Antiapoptosis |
[107] | |
| _ | C57BL/6 mice/CLP surgery | Inhibit NF-κB pathway Anti-inflammation |
[108] | |
| _ | SD rats/unilateral ureteral obstruction NRK-52E cells/TGF-β1 |
Inhibit TLR4/NF-κB pathway Anti-inflammation |
[109] | |
| CK1δ, β-TRCP | SD rats/unilateral ureteral obstruction | Inhibit YAP activity Antifibrosis |
[110] | |
| miR-125b-5p | C57BL/6 mice/bilateral kidneys ischemia for 30 mins HK-2 cells/hypoxia for 12 h |
Inhibit p53 Antiapoptosis |
[111] | |
|
| ||||
| hADMSCs | _ | C57BL/6 mice/left kidney ischemia for 30 mins | Upregulate Sox9 Antifibrosis |
[112] |
| _ | C57BL/6 mice/CLP surgery | Activate SIRT1 Anti-inflammation, Antiapoptosis |
[113] | |
|
| ||||
| hUSCs | miR-146a-5p | SD rats/left kidney ischemia for 45 mins HK-2 cells/hypoxic medium 48 h |
Downregulate IRAK1 Inhibit NF-κB pathway Anti-inflammation |
[114] |
| miR-216a-5p | SD rats/left kidney ischemia for 45 mins HK-2 cells/hypoxic medium 1 h |
Downregulate PTEN Antiapoptosis |
[115] | |
|
| ||||
| hP-MSCs | miR-200a-3p | FVB mice/right kidney ischemia for 50 mins | Activated Keap1-Nrf2 pathway Antioxidation |
[116] |
|
| ||||
| Mouse BMMSCs | CCR2 | BALB/c mice/left kidney ischemia for 1 h | Absorb CCL2 Anti-inflammation |
[117] |
|
| ||||
| Mouse ADMSCs | miR-486 | C57BL/KsJ db/db mice | Inhibit Smad1/mTOR pathway Promote autophagy Antiapoptosis |
[118] |
|
| ||||
| GI-MSCs | miRNAs | SCID mice/left kidney ischemia for 35 mins | Promote proliferation | [119] |
|
| ||||
| RAPCs | miR-218, Robo-1 | C57BL/6 mice/bilateral kidney ischemia for 30 mins | Promote migration | [120] |
|
| ||||
| ECFCs | miR-486-5p | FVB mice/bilateral kidney ischemia | Downregulate PTEN Activate Akt pathway |
[121] |
|
| ||||
| EPCs | miR-126-3p miR-126-5p |
CD-1 outbred mice/CLP | Downregulate HMGB1 and VCAM1 | [122] |