Table 3.
Engineered exosomes in kidney injury repair.
| Sources of exosomes | Methods | Models | Outcome | Ref. |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMMSCs | Incubate with melatonin | I/R-induced AKI | Anti-inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidation Promote angiogenesis |
[126] |
| Transfect miR-let-7c lentiviral | UUO | Inhibit TGF-β1 Antifibrosis |
[144] | |
| Electroporate miR-10a, miR-127, and miR-486 | Glycerol-induced AKI | Promote regeneration | [155] | |
|
| ||||
| ADMSCs | Incubate with melatonin | Hind limb ischemia model with CKD | Antisenescence Preserve mitochondrial function Promote angiogenesis |
[162] |
|
| ||||
| hP-MSCs | Modify with RGD hydrogels | I/R-induced AKI | Antiapoptosis Promote autophagy |
[163] |
| Modify with collagen matrix | I/R-induced AKI | Inhibit endoplasmic reticulum stress Antiapoptosis and fibrosis Promote angiogenesis |
[164] | |
|
| ||||
| EL-4 cells | Incubate with curcumin | LPS-induced AKI | Anti-inflammation | [160] |
|
| ||||
| RAW 264.7 cells | Transfect IL-10 plasmid | I/R-induced AKI | Inhibit mTOR pathway Promote M2 macrophage polarization Anti-inflammation |
[154] |
|
| ||||
| RAW 264.7 cells | Incubate with dexamethasone | LPS-induced AKI Adriamycin-induced nephropathy |
Anti-inflammation Antifibrosis Increase dexamethasone sensitivity |
[161] |
|
| ||||
| NRK-52E cells | Transfect ATF3 plasmid | I/R-induced AKI | Inhibit MCP-1 Anti-inflammation |
[150] |