Table 4.

Summary of clinical studies.

Phytocompounds	Subjects	Results	Reference
Food supplements including choline, folic acid, and multivitamins	Pregnant patient	Reduced expression of ASD-related genes	[189]
Omega-3 and vitamin D	Case study of ASD patient	Reduced ASD symptom	[190]
Metformin	ASD adult patients	Stabilized BMI z-score	[118]
Cannabis and cannabidiol	ASD adult patients	Reduced ASD symptom	[193]
Luteolin and quercetin	Children with ASD	Improvement in gastrointestinal features, eye contact, and attention social interactions	[194]
Luteolin, quercetin, and rutin	Children with ASD	Improvement in adaptive functioning and in overall behavior	[77]
Co-ultra-PEA-LUT	ASD adult patients	Reduced motor stereotypes, anxiety, and worsening in social skills	[186]
PEA	Children with ASD	Improvement of cognitive aspects, expressive language, and sociability Reduced general severity of autism	[195]
Flavonoid component extracted from G. biloba	ASD adult patients	Slight improvements in irritability, hyperactivity, eye contact, and speech	[84]