. 2021 Apr 8;30(9):2487–2495. doi: 10.1007/s11136-021-02829-x

Table 1.

Characteristics of the patients that were included in the study

	Frailty n = 64			Robust n = 84			p	d_Cohen
	Median number	1st quartile %	3rd quartile	Median number	1st quartile %	3rd quartile	p	d_Cohen
Age [years]	68.5	65	75	66	60	69	0.002	0.521
Height [cm]	170	163	174	168	162	174.5	0.38^t	–
Man	170	173	175.5	168.8	175	180	0.490^t	–
Woman	158	163	170	160	164	168	0.769^t	–
Weight [kg]	88.5	80	96	81.5	71.5	93.5	0.02	0.388
Man	87	93	100	85.3	94	101.3	0.848	–
Woman	72	82	87	68	74	83	0.124^t	–
BMI [kg/m²]	31.2	27.7	33.2	29.2	26.0	31.2	0.008	0.447
Man	29.1	31.2	34.0	27.5	29.9	34.4	0.313	–
Woman	27.4	30.8	32.0	25.2	27.3	30.7	0.025	0.066
Waist circumference	101.5	94	110	95	90	102	0.01	0.410
Man	100	108	114	93.8	100	112.5	0.119	–
Woman	89	94	101	89.5	93	98.5	0.590^t	–
Hip circumference	110	97	118	102	93.5	110	0.009	0.439
Man	97	112	120	97.3	106	115.3	0.074	–
Woman	95	105	113	90.0	100	110	0.173	–
WHR	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.9	0.9	1.0	0.52	–
Man	0.9	1.0	1.1	0.9	1.0	1.0	0.495^t	–
Woman	0.8	0.9	0.9	0.8	0.9	1.0	0.126	–
RFM	34.0	31.6	36.6	35.1	29.4	37.5	0.41	–
Man	28.9	32.3	34.2	26.6	29.1	34.0	0.099	–
Woman	34.9	37.1	38.9	35.1	36.7	39.2	0.888	–
Gender							0.05	0.324
Female	27	42.2		49	58.3
Male	37	57.8		35	41.7
Place of living							0.21	–
Rural	48	75		55	65.5
Urban	16	25		29	34.5
Education							0.02	–
Primary	21	32.8		17	20.2
Vocational	25	39.1		28	33.3
Secondary	14	21.9		30	35.7
Higher	4	6.3		9	10.7
Marital status							0.22	–
Unmarried	5	7.8		5	5.9
Married/living with partner	32	50		56	66.7
Widow/widower	19	29.7		15	17.9
Divorced	8	12.5		8	9.5
Professional status							0.03	0.505
Working	11	17.2		31	36.9
Unemployed	1	1.6		4	4.8
Pensioner	4	6.3		4	4.8
Retired	48	75		45	53.6
Type of work							0.25	–
Mental	16	28.1		26	37.7
Physical	41	71.9		43	62.3
Smoking	28	43.8		27	32.1		0.15	–
Number of days	12.5	10	15.5	14	10	20	0.37	–
Number years smoking	30	20	40	20	12	26	< 0.001^t	0.517
Treatment
Insulin	47	73.4		42	50		0.01	0.493
Oral medications	5	7.8		10	11.9
Dietary	12	18.8		32	38.1

^t Student’s test

BMI Body Mass Index, RFM Relative Fat Mass Index, WHR Waist-Hip Ratio