. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 15.

Published in final edited form as: J Neurol Sci. 2021 Jul 2;428:117563. doi: 10.1016/j.jns.2021.117563

Table 2.

Demographic and clinical characteristics of ET cases with vs. without baseline dementia.

	All ET Cases N = 192	Baseline Dementia N = 15	Baseline Not Demented N = 177	Significance (Dementia vs. Non-Demented)
Age (years)	79.1 ± 9.7	88.2 ± 5.0	78.4 ± 9.4	p < 0.001 ^a
Female	118 (60.8)	8 (53.5)	110 (62.1)	p = 0.50^b
White race	189 (97.4)	15 (100.0)	172 (97.2)	p = 1.00^c
Education (years)	15.9 ± 2.5	15.7 ± 2.7	15.9 ± 2.6	p = 0.81^a
Number of prescription medications	5.7 ± 4.0	8.4 ± 4.2	5.5 ± 4.0	p = 0.007 ^a
Current cigarette smoker	8 (4.1)	0 (0.0)	8 (4.5)	p = 1.00^c
Age of tremor onset (years)	39.7 ± 22.4 [40.0]	44.0 ± 24.2 [52.5]	39.4 ± 22.4 [40.0]	p = 0.43^d
Tremor duration (years)	39.3 ± 22.1 [34.0]	44.1 ± 23.8 [36.5]	38.9 ± 22.0 [33.0]	p = 0.39^d
Total tremor score	20.1 ± 5.0 [20.5]	22.3 ± 6.6 [22.0]	19.9 ± 4.9 [20.5]	p = 0.03 ^d
MoCA score	24.6 ± 3.6	16.9 ± 3.6	25.1 ± 3.0	p < 0.001 ^a
MMSE score	28.2 ± 2.7	22.0 ± 4.2	28.7 ± 1.8	p < 0.001 ^a
CDR				p < 0.001 ^b
0	136 (70.1)	0 (0.0)	134 (75.7)
0.5	43 (22.2)	0 (0.0)	43 (24.3)
1	11 (5.7)	11 (73.3)	0 (0.0)
2	4 (2.1)	4 (26.7)	0 (0.0)
3	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)	0 (0.0)
Cognitive domain
Memory	−0.11 ± 0.99	−1.92 ± 0.67	0.05 ± 0.86	p < 0.001 ^a
Executive function	−0.01 ± 0.72	−1.36 ± 0.73	0.11 ± 0.59	p < 0.001 ^a
Attention	−0.29 ± 0.75	−1.20 ± 0.60	−0.22 ± 0.72	p < 0.001 ^a
Visuospatial abilities	0.48 ± 0.71	−0.09 ± 0.94	0.54 ± 0.67	p = 0.001 ^a
Language	0.03 ± 0.62 [0.09]	−1.05 ± 0.95 [1.04]	0.11 ± 0.50 [0.11]	p < 0.001 ^d
GDS	6.4 ± 5.2 [5.0]	5.9 ± 6.2 [3.0]	6.5 ± 5.2 [5.0]	p = 0.33^d
Number of falls reported in the past year	1.4 ± 3.3 [0.0]	2.4 ± 2.9 [2.0]	1.3 ± 3.3 [0.0]	p = 0.004 ^d
Number of tandem missteps	5.3 ± 4.1 [5.0]	9.4 ± 2.1 [10.0]	5.1 ± 4.1 [4.0]	p = 0.001 ^d
PASE score	96.8 ± 71.3	53.4 ± 59.1	97.7 ± 71.7	p = 0.17^a
PSQI item: average hours of sleep	7.2 ± 1.4	8.5 ± 1.3	7.1 ± 1.3	p = 0.002 ^a
PSQI item: sleep quality	0.90 ± 0.77 [1.0]	0.78 ± 0.83 [1.0]	0.90 ± 0.77 [1.0]	p = 0.64^d

Values are number (percentage) or mean ± standard deviation [median]. Percentages are column percentages.

Bolded values are statistically significant (p < 0.05).

CDR, Clinical Dementia Rating; ET, essential tremor; GDS, Geriatric Depression Scale; MCI, mild cognitive impairment; MMSE; Mini-Mental State Exam; MoCA, Montreal Cognitive Assessment; PASE, Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly; PSQI, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index.

Student’s t-test

Chi-square test

Fisher’s exact test

Mann-Whitney U test