Table 4. Relationship of intellectual awareness with speech, language, and cognitive skills.

All analyses had n = 53 except Error Detection with n = 48. All tests had 51 degrees of freedom except Confrontation Naming (43.97), Single Word Auditory Comprehension (28.97), WAB Yes/No Questions (40.68), Phoneme Discrimination on Real Words (26.99), and Error Detection (46). Significant results indicated with an asterisk (p < .05*). Moderate effect sizes indicated with † (d = .50–.79), and large effects size with †† (d ≥ .80).

Task	Aware Group Mean (SD)	Unaware Group Mean (SD)	Mean Difference (95% CI)	t-values	p-values	Cohen’s d
Confrontation Naming	64.3 (27.2)	44.5 (33.8)	19.7 (2.5, 37.0)	2.31	.026*	.65†
Category Judgment	91.1 (10.1)	84.3 (11.0)	6.8 (1.0, 12.7)	2.35	.022*	.65†
Word-Level Auditory Comprehension	96.8 (5.3)	88.7 (13.4)	8.1 (2.1, 14.0)	2.76	.010*	.82††
WAB Yes/No	94.7 (4.8)	91.7 (6.7)	3.0 (−0.2, 6.2)	1.83	.075	.52†
Average Words per Utterance	4.68 (2.4)	4.35 (2.1)	0.3 (−0.9, 1.6)	.536	.594	.15
AMR (syllables per second)	3.35 (2.0)	3.20 (2.4)	0.2 (−1.1, 1.4)	.263	.794	.07
Adequate SMR (≥3 repetitions)	.46 (.51)	.59 (.50)	0.1 (−0.2, 0.4)	.918	.363	.25
Phoneme Discrimination - Real Words	95.4 (4.6)	89.1 (14.2)	6.3 (0.0, 12.5)	2.07	.048*	.62†
Phoneme Discrimination - Pseudowords	90.8 (10.6)	87.6 (11.5)	3.2 (−3.0, 9.3)	1.04	.309	.29
Digit Span Forward	5.52 (3.0)	4.54 (2.9)	1.0 (−0.7, 2.6)	1.19	.241	.33
Digit Span Backward	2.83 (2.3)	2.13 (1.8)	0.7 (−0.5, 1.9)	1.20	.237	.33
Spatial Span Forward	6.97 (2.3)	6.29 (2.1)	0.7 (−0.5, 1.9)	1.11	.271	.31
Spatial Span Backward	5.55 (2.7)	5.29 (2.0)	0.3 (−1.1, 1.6)	.396	.693	.12
Error Detection	41.0 (25.7)	39.6 (20.8)	1.4 (−12.4, 15.2)	.207	.837	.06