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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Sep 1.
Published in final edited form as: Psychoneuroendocrinology. 2021 Jun 17;131:105331. doi: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105331

Table 2B:

Associations between higher transportation noise exposure (>45 dBA or upper tertile vs. others) and VAT volumes adjusted for covariables.

Covariable Baseline VAT (cm3) Change in VAT (cm3)a
Standardized β [95% CI] p-value Standardized β [95% CI] p-value
Age 0.149 [−0.051, 0.349] 0.14 0.693 [0.188, 1.198] 0.008
Sex 0.222 [0.025, 0.420] 0.027 0.655 [0.153, 1.157] 0.011
Caucasian race 0.239 [0.030, 0.448] 0.025 0.684 [0.184, 1.185] 0.008
Baseline DM 0.179 [−0.025, 0.382] 0.086 0.673 [0.167, 1.178] 0.010
Baseline HTN 0.129 [−0.071, 0.330] 0.21 0.669 [0.161, 1.176] 0.011
Baseline hyperlipidemia 0.170 [−0.035, 0.374] 0.10 0.657 [0.152, 1.162] 0.012
Fasting glucose at time of imaging 0.043 [−0.179, 0.265] 0.71 0.790 [0.186, 1.394] 0.011
Current smoking 0.212 [0.002, 0.423] 0.048 0.706 [0.204, 1.207] 0.007
History of cancer 0.230 [0.021, 0.440] 0.031 0.686 [0.185, 1.187] 0.008
History of cancer treatment 0.228 [0.019, 0.437] 0.033 0.708 [0.201, 1.214] 0.007
Combined demographic and clinical factors −0.061 [−0.261, 0.140] 0.55 0.745 [0.189, 1.300] 0.010
Median neighborhood income 0.216 [0.007, 0.426] 0.043 0.684 [0.179, 1.190] 0.009
Neighborhood total crime rateb 0.289 [0.053, 0.525] 0.017 0.622 [0.078, 1.166] 0.026
Air pollutionc 0.302 [0.082, 0.522] 0.007 0.552 [0.070, 1.033] 0.025
Combined socioeconomic and environmental factorsc 0.282 [0.068, 0.496] 0.010 0.741 [0.222, 1.261] 0.006
Amygdalar activityd 0.012 [−0.264, 0.288] 0.93 0.591 [0.090, 1.093] 0.022

Each row represents a separate model aside from the combined models: Combined demographic and clinical factors (age, sex, Caucasian race, baseline DM, baseline HTN, baseline hyperlipidemia, fasting glucose at time of imaging, current smoking, history of cancer, and history of cancer treatment) and combined socioeconomic and environmental factors (median neighborhood income and air pollution). Backwards selection was implemented for combined models.

a

Also adjusted for baseline VAT.

b

Crime data available in 304 subjects with baseline VAT and 50 patients with follow-up VAT.

c

Air pollution data available in 384 subjects with baseline VAT and 63 patients with follow-up VAT.

d

Amygdalar activity available in 238 patients with baseline VAT and all patients with follow-up VAT.

Bold type indicates p<0.05.

Abbreviations: CI-confidence interval, DM-diabetes mellitus, VAT-visceral adipose tissue