Figure 1.

Schematics of the PBM device and experimental time schedule. (A) The PBM device for this study. The light source is placed in a 37 °C incubator to block light other than the light source. The 950 nm LEDs are placed at 10 mm intervals, and a disperser is used to produce uniform irradiation. The transparent acrylic cell culture plate is placed 50 mm above the LEDs. (B) Timelines of the experiments. All frozen cells were thawed in a 37 °C water bath for 2 min. All measurements, except those of apoptosis, were performed immediately after cells were irradiated with 950 nm NIR or treated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC). Apoptosis of cells was measured after 6 h.