Table 2.
Extrusion characteristics of extruded starch-cellulose mixtures at different cellulose contents.
| Sample code | CL (g/kg) | SS (rpm) | T (Nm) | P (MPa) | SME (kJ/kg) | ER | WAI (g/g) | WSI (%) | Ratio 995/1015 | Ratio 1045/1015 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CL0-1 | 0 | 150 | 23.4 ± 0.7a | 6.7 ± 0.2ab | 392.3 ± 12.4d | 3.3 ± 0.1b | 3.1 ± 0.2a | 15.9 ± 1.8de | 1.06 ± 0.0a | 0.52 ± 0.0c |
| CL5-1 | 50 | 23.3 ± 0.6a | 6.8 ± 0.1a | 391.8 ± 10.7d | 3.2 ± 0.1b | 3.0 ± 0.2a | 16.9 ± 0.5cd | 1.06 ± 0.0a | 0.52 ± 0.0c | |
| CL15–1 | 150 | 23.0 ± 1.1a | 6.6 ± 0.3b | 385.7 ± 17.9de | 2.5 ± 0.0c | 2.8 ± 0.2b | 16.7 ± 0.6d | 1.05 ± 0.0b | 0.52 ± 0.0c | |
| CL30–1 | 300 | 22.3 ± 0.9b | 6.4 ± 0.2c | 375.1 ± 15.7e | 1.9 ± 0.1d | 2.2 ± 0.0c | 15.1 ± 0.8e | 1.03 ± 0.0d | 0.56 ± 0.0b | |
| CL0-2 | 0 | 250 | 17.5 ± 0.5c | 5.4 ± 0.1d | 490.1 ± 14.7a | 3.6 ± 0.1a | 3.2 ± 0.2a | 18.5 ± 0.5bc | 1.05 ± 0.0b | 0.52 ± 0.0c |
| CL5-2 | 50 | 17.3 ± 0.6cd | 5.4 ± 0.1d | 483.4 ± 17.6a | 3.2 ± 0.1b | 3.0 ± 0.2a | 20.4 ± 1.5a | 1.05 ± 0.0b | 0.52 ± 0.0c | |
| CL15–2 | 150 | 17.1 ± 0.6cd | 5.3 ± 0.2f | 478.9 ± 17.2bc | 2.6 ± 0.0c | 2.7 ± 0.1b | 19.5 ± 1.4ab | 1.04 ± 0.0c | 0.53 ± 0.0bc | |
| CL30–2 | 300 | 16.8 ± 0.4d | 5.4 ± 0.1df | 470.9 ± 9.8c | 1.9 ± 0.0d | 2.2 ± 0.1c | 17.1 ± 0.7cd | 1.03 ± 0.0d | 0.59 ± 0.0a |
All values are mean ± SD (30 ≥ n ≥ 9); values with different letters within a column indicate a significant difference between means (P < 0.05). CL: Cellulose content, SS: Screw Speed, T: Torque, P: Pressure, SME: Specific Mechanical Energy, ER: Expansion Ratio, WAI: Water Absorption Index, WSI: Water Solubility Index. Ratio (995/1015) and (1045/1015): FTIR peak ratios (the absorbance intensity of the peaks at 995, 1015 and 1045 cm−1).