Table 3.
Characteristics of participants (n=35).
| Characteristics | Control group (n=10) | Intervention group (n=25) | P valuea | ||
| Age (years), mean (SD) | 77.8 (5.9) | 79.3 (5.9) | .05 | ||
| Gender (female), n (%) | 8 (80) | 16 (64) | .44 | ||
| Education, n (%) | .44 | ||||
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Low level | 1 (10) | 0 (0) |
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|
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Middle level | 5 (50) | 12 (48) |
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|
|
|
High level | 4 (40) | 13 (52) |
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|
| Marital status, n (%) | .23 | ||||
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Married | 3 (30) | 12 (48) |
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|
|
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Single, divorced, widower | 7 (70) | 13 (52) |
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|
| Living arrangements, n (%) | >.99 | ||||
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Alone (n=9 for control) | 6 (67) | 15 (60) |
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|
|
|
With other (n=9 for control) | 3 (33) | 10 (40) |
|
|
| ADLb score, mean (SD) | 4.8 (1.5) | 5.0 (1.4) | .79 | ||
| IADLc score, mean (SD) | 7.9 (0.3) | 7.9 (0.2) | .59 | ||
| MMSEd score, mean (SD) | 27.0 (1.4) | 29.1 (1.4) | .09 | ||
| SPPBe score, mean (SD) | 10.2 (2.8) | 11.2 (1.1) | .42 | ||
aFisher test or Wilcoxon rank sum test.
bADL: Activity of Daily Living.
cIADL: Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.
dMMSE: Mini-Mental State Evaluation.
eSPPB: Short Physical Performance Battery.