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. 2021 Jul 5;23(7):e23863. doi: 10.2196/23863

Table 2.

Subgroup analysis for diagnostic accuracy of mtmDR retinopathy on color fundus photographs.

Features of subgroup Dataa, n Senb,c Sped,c LR+e,c LR–f,c AUROCg,c I2 statisticc Publication bias
(P value)
Overall mtmDRh 40 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) 0.90 (0.87, 0.93) 9.7 (7.4, 12.7) 0.05 (0.04, 0.08) 0.97 (0.96, 0.99) 29 (18, 40) .11
Mean age> 50 years 32 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) 0.89 (0.85, 0.92) 8.8 (6.4, 12.0) 0.05 (0.03, 0.08) 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) 33 (20, 46) .22
NNi algorithms 38 0.95 (0.93, 0.97) 0.91 (0.88, 0.93) 10.1 (7.7, 13.2) 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) 30 (19, 41) .14
Benchmark test sets 15 0.92 (0.87, 0.95) 0.90 (0.82, 0.94) 9.0 (4.8, 16.6) 0.09 (0.05, 0.16) 0.96 (0.94, 0.98) 25 (10, 39) .22
Clinical
Test sets
25 0.97 (0.95, 0.98) 0.90 (0.88, 0.92) 10.0 (7.9, 12.6) 0.04 (0.02, 0.06) 0.97 (0.96, 0.98) 30 (15, 45) .06
External validation 31 0.96 (0.93, 0.97) 0.90 (0.87, 0.93) 9.7 (7.2, 13.0) 0.05 (0.03, 0.07) 0.98 (0.96, 0.99) 29 (16, 42) .08

aMachine learning data derived from each data set was viewed as individual data, and we used “data” as the unit for calculation.

bSen: sensitivity.

cValues in this column are as follows: mean (95% confidence interval).

dSpe: specificity.

eLR+: positive likelihood ratio.

fLR–: negative likelihood ratio.

gAUROC: area under the receiver operating characteristic.

hmtmDR: more-than-mild diabetic retinopathy.

iNN: neural network.