FIG 6.

Myd88-dependent signaling in the hematopoietic compartment was required for adjuvant activity of intranasally administered oral bacteria. (A and B) WT→MyD88 KO and MyD88 KO→WT BM chimeric mice were immunized intranasally with quadrivalent HA vaccine with or without cultured oral bacteria from a healthy volunteer twice in a 3-week interval. Two weeks later, the nasal washes and sera were collected, and the HA-specific nasal IgA and serum IgG titers were determined by ELISA. Open circles indicate values for individual mice. The data are from two independent experiments (mean ± SEM). ***, P < 0.001 (one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test).