FIG 1.

MmuPV1 persists and mediates high-grade disease in the anal tract of NSG mice by 20 weeks postinfection. (A) MmuPV1 was detected in the anal tracts of nine of nine (100%) mice by anal lavage or swab, followed by PCR for MmuPV1 DNA at the 20-week postinfection study endpoint. (B) Incidence and localization of anal disease at the endpoint. A perianal gland adenoma was also noted in one mouse with high-grade dysplasia. (C) Virus was detected within lesions by FISH for MmuPV1 DNA, ISH to the E4 gene using RNAScope, and immunofluorescence for the L1 capsid protein. Phospho-S6, an established biomarker for papillomavirus-mediated disease, was also highly expressed. All scale bars equal 100 μm.