Table 2.
CPET-derived functional parameters
| HS (18) | PwO (85) | HS vs. PwO | Ob-N (32) | Ob-preDM (25) | Ob-T2DM (28) | Ob-N vs. Ob-preDM | Ob-N vs. Ob-T2DM | Ob-preDM vs. Ob-T2DM | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| METs | 15.9 (13.3–18.0) | 9.1 (7.8–10.6) | <0.001 | 9.6 (8.2–11.8)*** | 9.7(8.3–11.7)*** | 8.2(7.6–9.1)*** | Ns | 0.024 | 0.039 |
| VO2peak/kg, mL/min/kg | 35.9 (32.2–40.1) | 21.4(18.9–25.2) | <0.001 | 21.7(20.6–25.6)** | 22 (21–25.1)** | 19.4(17.9–21.9)*** | Ns | 0.022 | 0.046 |
| VO2peak, L/min | 2.4 (2.1–2.9) | 2.4 (2.1–2.9) | Ns | 2.6 (2.1–2.9) | 2.4 (2.1–2.8) | 2.4(1.9–2.7) | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| VO2AT, mL/min/kg | 22.3 (18.6–27.7) | 15.1 (13–17.4) | <0.001 | 16.1 (14.4–17.5)** | 14.8(12.7–17.3)*** | 14.0 (12.7–17.1)*** | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| VO2AT (%peak) | 68 (53–71) | 70(65–78) | 0.05 | 72 (62–76) | 68(62–74) | 75(68–80)** | Ns | Ns | 0.02 |
| OUES | 2,185(1,797–2,734) | 2,379 (1,993–2,756) | Ns | 2,356(1,923–2,725) | 2,262 (2,048–2,756) | 2,407(2,014–3,019) | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| HRpeak (% predicted) | 98.5 (94–103) | 92 (87–98) | 0.003 | 93 (88–98) | 93(88–101) | 89.5 (87–98) | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| RERfast | − | 0.74 (0.68–0.81) | − | 0.73 (067–0.80) | 0.73 (0.69–0.81) | 0.77 (0.70–0.83) | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| RERrest | 0.82 (0.79–0.86) | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) | Ns | 0.83 (0.78–0.87) | 0.83 (0.79–0.88) | 0.84 (0.80–0.88) | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| RERpeak | 1.26 (1.22–1.32) | 1.17(1.11–1.22) | <0.001 | 1.20 (1.15–1.27)* | 1.18(1.10–1.22)*** | 1.14(1.10–1.18)*** | 0.04 | <0.001 | Ns |
| RERAT | 0.94 (0.90–0.98) | 0.91 (0.88–0.94) | Ns | 0.92 (0.89–0.94) | 0.92 (0.88–0.94) | 0.91 (0.87–0.95) | Ns | Ns | Ns |
| ΔRER | 0.42 (0.38–0.52) | 0.33(0.28–0.41) | <0.001 | 0.38 (0.32–0.43) | 0.32 (0.26–0.39)** | 0.29 (0.24–0.36)*** | 0.04 | <0.001 | Ns |
| ΔRER% | 51.2 (43.6–65.6) | 41.0 (30.7–50.6) | 0.002 | 46.0 (38.0–55.3) | 41.0 (30.2–50.0)** | 35.8 (28.9–46.3)*** | 0.06 | 0.002 | Ns |
CPET-derived functional parameters of HS, PwO and the 3 subgroups of PwO: Ob-N, Ob-preDM, and Ob-T2DM patients. Data are presented as median (IQR). METs, peak metabolic equivalent of tasks; VO2AT1, volume of oxygen consumption at submaximal intensity of exercise; OUES, oxygen uptake efficiency slope; HR, heart rate; RERfast, respiratory exchange ratio at rest in fasting condition; RERrest, respiratory exchange ratio at rest; RERpeak, respiratory exchange ratio at peak of exercise; RERAT, respiratory exchange ratio at submaximal exercise; ΔRER RERpeak-RERrest; PwO, people with obesity; HS, healthy subjects; Ob-N, people with obesity and normal glycémie status; Ob-preDM, people with obesity and prediabetes; Ob-T2DM, people with obesity and type 2 diabetes; IQR, interquartile range. The statistical significance versus HS is expressed as * p < 0.05 ** p < 0.01 *** p < 0.001. Statistical analysis was based on Mann-Whitney test (HS vs. PWO) and Kruskal-Wallis test followed by Dunn's test for all other analyses.