Table 1.
Descriptive Statistics (N = 1,776).
| Variables | M/proportion (%) | SD |
|---|---|---|
| Dependent variables | ||
| Number of ties-W1 | 4.27 | 1.57 |
| Number of ties-W2 | 4.41 | 1.55 |
| Ties gained | 2.00 | 1.47 |
| Ties lost | 1.85 | 1.42 |
| Ties lost through death | 0.33 | 0.61 |
| Independent and control variables | ||
| Census tract level | ||
| Change in concentrated disadvantage | 0.00 | 0.32 |
| Concentrated disadvantage-W1 | 0.00 | 0.66 |
| Concentrated disadvantage-W2 | 0.00 | 0.61 |
| Located in an MSA | 70.77% | |
| Logged population density-W1 (persons per square mile) | 7.02 | 1.99 |
| Proportion having changed residences within the previous 5 years-W1 | 0.43 | 0.11 |
| Individual level | ||
| Women | 51.31% | |
| Age/10-W1 | 6.83 | 0.74 |
| White | 70.89% | |
| African American | 16.49% | |
| Latino | 10.32% | |
| Other | 2.30% | |
| Married-W1 | 65.01% | |
| Living with a partner | 1.96% | |
| Separated | 1.29% | |
| Divorced | 10.01% | |
| Widowed | 18.73% | |
| Never married | 3.02% | |
| Number of years lived in local area-W1 | 23.97 | 17.02 |
| No high school diploma | 22.54% | |
| High school diploma | 53.24% | |
| University degree | 24.22% | |
| Working for pay-W1 | 34.84% | |
| Retired | 53.30% | |
| Not working for reasons other than retirement | 11.86% | |
| Logged total household assets-W1 | 11.85 | 2.37 |
| Higher physical health-W1 (1–5) | 3.33 | 1.06 |
| Functional health problems-W1 (0–3) | 0.13 | 0.30 |
| Index of depressive symptoms-W1 | 0.00 | 0.56 |
| Proportion of network composed of relatives-W1 | 0.69 | 0.29 |
| Average frequency of contact with network members-W1 (1–8) | 6.82 | 0.80 |
| Average closeness with network members-W1 (1–4) | 3.14 | 0.48 |
| Attends religious services once or more per week-W1 | 50.14% | |
| Once per month | 9.76% | |
| Less than once per year to several times per year | 23.61% | |
| Never | 16.49% | |
Note. W1 = Wave 1; W2 = Wave 2; MSA = metropolitan statistical area.