Table 3. Hazard ratios and 95% CIs of the estimated covariate effects of sex, age and education in the multi-state models.

From - To	Sex = Female	Age	Education = Secondary	Education = Third/Higher
Frail - Prefrail	0.83 (0.72, 0.95)	0.97 (0.97, 0.98)	1.00 (0.86, 1.17)	1.19 (1.00, 1.42)
Frail - Non-frail	0.79 (0.00, 1259.15)	0.94 (0.62, 1.42)	1.01 (0.00, 4101.10)	1.51 (0.00, 19123.09)
Frail - Death	0.64 (0.44, 0.93)	1.14 (1.11, 1.17)	0.98 (0.62, 1.56)	1.55 (0.96, 2.52)
Prefrail - Frail	1.32 (1.17, 1.49)	1.04 (1.04, 1.05)	0.69 (0.60, 0.79)	0.61 (0.53, 0.71)
Prefrail - Non-frail	0.84 (0.76, 0.93)	0.97 (0.96, 0.98)	1.04 (0.91, 1.18)	1.23 (1.08, 1.40)
Prefrail - Death	0.60 (0.27, 1.36)	1.06 (1.01, 1.11)	1.31 (0.39, 4.40)	0.39 (0.05, 2.96)
Non-frail - Frail	1.73 (0.07, 45.67)	0.79 (0.61, 1.01)	0.89 (0.00, 950.30)	0.19 (0.00, 270.39)
Non-frail - Prefrail	1.22 (1.12, 1.32)	1.05 (1.05, 1.06)	0.76 (0.68, 0.85)	0.68 (0.60, 0.76)
Non-frail - Death	0.32 (0.01, 6.93)	1.13 (0.99, 1.29)	0.44 (0.00, 119.96)	1.37 (0.03, 65.28)

CI: confidence interval. Significant associations (where the CI does not include 1.00) are depicted in bold.