TABLE 1.
The reagents or factors target to nrf2 in wound repair
| Category | Reagents/factors | Reagent properties | Cells/tissue | Models | Effects | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The body composition | Cold plasma | \ | Keratinocytes/dermal fibroblasts | Full‐thickness wound model in immunocompetent SKH1 mice | Promote the formation of granulation tissue and the stimulation of re‐epithelialization and proliferation, up‐regulation of vascular factors, and proliferation of new blood vessels | 22 |
| MicroRNA‐24 | Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) | STZ‐induced diabetic mice | Suppressed oxidative stress, promoted reendothelialization in balloon‐injured diabetic rats | 39 | ||
| Adipose‐derived stem cell (ADSC) exosomes | Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) | STZ‐induced diabetic mice | Promoted proliferation and angiopoiesis | 43 | ||
| Human embryonic stem cell exosomes (ESC‐Exos) | Endothelial cells | D‐galactose‐induced HUVEC senescence model. | Ameliorate endothelial senescence, recover ageing‐related angiogenic dysfunction, accelerating wound healing | 42 | ||
| Natural substances | Bee venom | \ | Functional macrophages | STZ‐induced diabetic mice | Stimulating angiogenesis and correcting the impairment of diabetic wound healing | 23 |
| Curcumin | Stilbene | Primary rat astrocyte | MeHg‐induced cell toxicity | Neuroprotection | 25 | |
| Stilbene | Adult skin fibroblasts | Lifespan completed (LSC) theory | Cell proliferation and migration | 26 | ||
| Neferine | Bisbenzylisoquinoline alkaloid | Skins/macrophages | STZ‐induced diabetic mice | Improved wound contraction, epithelialization and modulation of inflammatory | 27 | |
| Emodin | Anthraquinone compound | Madin‐Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells and A549 lung cancer cells | Influenza A virus (IAV) infection model | Increase the survival rate, reduces lung oedema, viral titter and inflammatory cytokines, and improves IAV‐induced histopathological changes | 28 | |
| Anthraquinone compound | Human neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells | OGD/reoxygenation (OGD/R) | Emodin protected cells from OGD/R‐induced apoptosis. | 29 | ||
| Thymoquinone(Tq) | Thymoquinone(Tq) | Kidney tissues | Male Sprague Dawley rats | Tq treatments up‐regulated HO‐1 via activation of Nrf2 to activate antioxidant enzymes. | 30 | |
| Ginsenoside Rg1 | Saponin | Interleukin‐1β (IL‐1β) treated podocytes | Anti‐GBM GN mouse model | Ginsenoside Rg1 attenuates IL‐1β‐induced inflammation and apoptosis in podocytes | 33 | |
| Ginsenoside Re | Saponin | Human neuronal SH‐SY5Y cells | Amyloid‐β (Aβ) inducted AD model | Strong neuroprotective activity antioxidant | 34 | |
| Plumbagin | Alkaloid | Mouse skins | STZ‐induced diabetic mice | plumbagin minimized the oxidative stress and improved antioxidant status | 36 | |
| Caffeic acid phenethyl | Phenolic compound | Macrophages | Pressure ulcers | Promoting re‐epithelialization, dermal reconstruction and wound closure | 37 | |
| Dimethyl fumarate | Fumaric acid ester | keratinocytes | STZ‐induced diabetic mice | Attenuated oxidative damage and inflammation, accelerated wound closure in diabetic mice | 38 | |
| Resolvin D1 (RvD1) | Polyunsaturated fatty acid | The corneal epithelium | STZ‐induced diabetic mice | Promote the regeneration of corneal epithelium, increase the synthesis of GSH, reactivate the NRF2/ARE signal pathway and promote the regeneration of corneal nerves | 31 | |
| Chemical compounds | Dermaprazole | Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) | 3D human skin | Mouse model of radiation‐induced dermatitis | The early induction of endogenous antioxidant defence mechanisms and down‐regulation of pro‐inflammatory and pro‐fibrotic mechanisms | 32 |
| RTA 408 | Synthetic triterpenoids | Skins | Leprdb/db mice | Systemic or simple topical application of the Nrf2‐inducing semi‐synthetic oleanane triterpenoid, RTA 408, significantly accelerates diabetic wound healing | 35 |