Messeri 2002.

Methods	Prospective cohort
Participants	577 subjects 61% Male 39% Female 16% White 52% Black 31% Hispanic Age range 20+
Interventions	CASE MANAGEMENT a) Medical b) Counselling c) Social Services
Outcomes	HEALTHCARE UTILIZATION: 1) Entry into appropriate medical care: a) Medical: OR=0.9 (ns) b) Counselling: OR=2.0 (ns) c) Social Services OR = 3.3 (p<.05) 2) Continuity in appropriate medical care a) Medical: OR= 2.3 (p<.01) b) Counselling: OR=2.6 (p<.01) c) Social Services: OR=2.9 (p<.01) 3) Entry into care with any medical provider a) Medical OR=3.1 (ns) b) Counselling OR=3.5 (ns) c) Social Services OR=9.4 (p<.05) 4) Continuity with any medical provider a) Medical OR=2.3 (p<.01) b) Counselling OR=2.6 (p<.01) c) Social Services OR=2.9 (p<.01)
Notes	Receipt of ancillary services is significantly associated with increased entry and retention in medical care.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Allocation concealment?	Unclear risk	D ‐ Not used