Table 2.

Correlates associated with transitions across alcohol use stages [OR (95%CI)]

		Transition to regular drinking from alcohol use (n = 2600)	Transition to AUD from alcohol use (n = 2600)	Transition to AUD from regular drinking (n = 1052)
First drinking/regular drinking	Early	2.11 (1.66–2.67)*	1.35 (0.77–2.34)	0.94 (0.54–1.64)
	Late	Ref	Ref	Ref
Gender	Female	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Male	3.13 (2.49–3.95)*	18.57 (5.80–59.48)*	9.18 (2.80–30.09)*
Age at interview	18–34	Ref	Ref	Ref
	35–49	0.78 (0.57–1.06)	0.50 (0.21–1.18)	0.42 (0.18–0.99)*
	50–64	0.86 (0.63–1.17)	0.37 (0.15–0.92)*	0.27 (0.11–0.66)*
	≥65	0.69 (0.46–1.03)	0.07 (0.02–0.26)*	0.06 (0.02–0.25)*
Marital status	Unmarried	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Married/cohabiting	0.96 (0.71–1.31)	1.51 (0.58–3.94)	1.50 (0.56–4.03)
Educational level	None	Ref	Ref	Ref
	Primary	1.16 (0.82–1.63)	1.27 (0.51–3.16)	1.19 (0.45–3.19)
	Junior high school	1.19 (0.83–1.71)	1.66 (0.65–4.22)	1.57 (0.57–4.31)
	Senior high school and more	1.30 (0.88–1.90)	1.40 (0.51–3.81)	1.39 (0.48–4.08)
Mental problem preceding the first drink	Yes	1.20 (0.90–1.61)	1.73 (0.92–3.28)	1.50 (0.79–2.86)
	No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Dysfunctional family	Yes	1.14 (0.85–1.53)	1.72 (0.96–3.07)	1.52 (0.84–2.75)
	No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Poverty	Yes	2.49 (1.05–5.91)*	1.01 (0.13–7.92)	0.68 (0.09–5.33)
	No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Domestic Violence	Yes	1.71 (1.14–2.58)*	3.05 (1.50–6.20)*	2.24 (1.08–4.64)*
	No	Ref	Ref	Ref
Neglect or lack of childhood support	Yes	0.77 (0.52–1.13)	0.62 (0.28–1.37)	0.84 (0.37–1.88)
	No	Ref	Ref	Ref

AUD Alcohol use disorder, OR Odds ratio, CI Confidence interval;

*Significant OR (P < 0.05)