Table 1.

Baseline characteristics of studies included in the meta-analysis

Author and year of publication	Study design	sample size			Age (mean ± SD)	Sex	Duration (days)	Dosage (mg)				Jadad scores
		LV	V	L	LV/V/L	male/female		L	V	Interventions	Outcomes
Chen M, 201 8[18]	RCT	32	33	31	71.41 ± 7.52/ 70.92 ± 7.24/ 71.93 ± 7.05	48/48	14	600	80	LV/V/L	②④⑤⑥	3
Deng GJ,201 8[19]	RCT	40	40	40	47.3 ± 4.15/ 46.2 ± 5.89/ 47.8 ± 4.03	55/65	14	300	80	LV/V/L	①②	3
Huo Y, 201 4[20]	RCT	60	60	–	44.4 ± 4.2	57/63	14	600	80	LV/V	①④⑤⑥	4
Jiang ZY,201 9[21]	RCT	51	51	–	69.21 ± 3.54	59/43	14	600	80	LV/V	①③④	4
Li Y, 201 8[22]	RCT	43	43	–	63.21 ± 3.43/62.47 ± 3.65	52/34	14	600	80	LV/V	①②③	4
Lin XJ,201 3[23]	RCT	33	40	35	–	61/47	14	600	80	LV/V/L	①⑤⑥⑦	2
Ma L, 201 9[24]	RCT	48	48	–	57.26 ± 4.31/ 57.84 ± 3.92	56/40	14	600	80	LV/V	①③	4
Peng B, 201 3[25]	RCT	40	40	40	–	–	14	450	80	LV/V/L	①	3
Shi D, 201 8[26]	RCT	135	135	–	61.71 ± 2.52/ 61.56 ± 2.51	131/139	14	600	80	LV/V	①④⑤	3
Wen WB,201 9[27]	RCT	26	25	–	56 ± 11/56 ± 9	17/14	14	300	80	LV/V	①②	3
Zhao J, 201 7[28]	RCT	41	39	–	46.53 ± 13.35/45.78 ± 12.28	50/30	14	600	80	LV/V	①③④⑤⑥⑦	4

Note: RCT, randomized controlled trial; L, lipoic acid; V, Valsartan; LV, lipoic acid+ Valsartan; ①UAER = Urinary albumin excretion rate, ②Urinary albumin, ③β2-MG = β2-microglobulin, ④hs-CRP = Hypersensitive C-reactive protein, ⑤SOD = Superoxide dismutase, ⑥MDA = malondialdehyde, ⑦T-AOC = total antioxidant capacity