Comparison 10. Primary health professional‐ and community professional‐led interventions versus enhanced usual care in adult patients with substance dependence.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
10.1 Prevalence ‐ drug use (up to 1 month post intervention)	1		Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.1.1 Morphine	1	173	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.06 [0.63, 1.80]
10.1.2 Methamphetamine	1	173	Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI)	1.10 [0.42, 2.91]
10.2 Clinical symptoms ‐ alcohol use	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.2.1 Short term (up to 1 month post intervention)	1	155	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.10 [‐0.91, 1.11]
10.3 Clinical symptoms ‐ drug use (up to 1 month post intervention)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.3.1 Heroin	1	155	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.03 [‐0.22, 0.16]
10.3.2 Amphetamine	1	155	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	0.00 [‐0.04, 0.04]
10.4 Clinical symptoms ‐ drug avoidance self‐efficacy	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.4.1 Intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention)	1	900	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.21 [0.54, 1.88]
10.4.2 Long term (> 6 months post intervention)	1	900	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	1.38 [0.71, 2.05]
10.5 Clinical symptoms ‐ mental health status	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.5.1 Short term (up to 1 month post intervention)	1	155	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐4.23 [‐13.66, 5.20]
10.6 Quality of life (up to 1 month post intervention)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
10.6.1 Physical functioning	1	155	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐6.78 [‐12.69, ‐0.87]
10.6.2 Social functioning	1	155	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	48.36 [41.80, 54.92]
10.6.3 Emotional role functioning	1	155	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐1.75 [‐12.53, 9.03]