Comparison 13. Primary health professional‐ and lay health worker‐led psychosocial interventions versus usual care in improving dementia patients' and carers' outcomes.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
13.1 Behavioural problem symptoms	2	134	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.26 [‐0.60, 0.08]
13.1.1 Intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention)	2	134	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.26 [‐0.60, 0.08]
13.2 Quality of life (patient)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.2.1 Intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention)	1	53	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.43 [‐0.98, 0.12]
13.3 Functional impairment (patient)	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.3.1 Intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention)	1	81	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.24 [‐0.67, 0.20]
13.4 Carer distress	2		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.4.1 Intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention)	2	134	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.47 [‐0.82, ‐0.13]
13.5 Carer mental health status	2		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.5.1 Intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention)	2	134	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.42 [‐0.76, ‐0.08]
13.6 Carer burden	2		Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.6.1 Intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention)	2	134	Std. Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.50 [‐0.84, ‐0.15]
13.7 Carer quality of life	1		Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	Subtotals only
13.7.1 Intermediate term (1 to 6 months post intervention)	1	53	Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI)	‐0.37 [‐0.92, 0.17]