Gao 2010.

Methods	Prospective, parallel, open‐label, randomised study Dates the study was conducted: from January 2005 to December 2009 Funding sources and potential conflicts of interest: no information reported Definition of compliance: > 95%
Participants	Number and type of participants: 215 H.pylori‐positive participants were enrolled in the study and all completed the treatment Participants were randomised to 3 different treatment groups: group A received a 10‐day bismuth pectin quadruple therapy, group B received a sequential therapy and group C received a standard 1‐week triple therapy. Note: The groups of interest for this review are B and C. Data from group A are not summarised. The participant groups did not differ in age, sex, gastritis distribution and location, and number of peptic ulcers in gastric mucosa Number of participants randomised: 215 (ITT sample) Number of participants in the 10‐day SEQ arm (group B): 72 Number of participants in the 7‐day STT arm (group C): 71 Country: China Sex (M/F) per treatment group 10‐day SEQ: 35/3 7‐day STT: 34/37 Medical condition at baseline per treatment group: ‐ Gastric ulcer 10‐day SEQ: 42/72 7‐day STT: 39/71 ‐ Duodenal bulb ulcer 10‐day SEQ: 12/72 7‐day STT: 10/71 ‐ Compound ulcers 10‐day SEQ: 7/72 7‐day STT: 4/71 Average age (SD) of the population in years reported by treatment group: 10‐day SEQ (group B): 47 (13) 7‐day STT (group C): 43 (15) Number of participants per treatment group (B and C respectively) and medical condition: ‐ Antral gastritis: 61 in group B and 57 in group C ‐ Pangastritis: 15 in group B and 19 in group C ‐ Intestinal metaplasia: 21 in group B and 17 in group C ‐ Duodenitis: 13 in group B and 10 in group C ‐ Gastric ulcer: 42 in group B and 39 in group C ‐ Duodenal bulb ulcer: 12 in group B and 10 in group C ‐ Compound ulcers:7 in group B and 4 in group C
Interventions	Name, dose timing of antibiotics in 7‐day STT: omeprazole 20 mg twice a day + amoxicillin 1 g twice a day + clarithromycin 500 mg twice a day Name, dose timing of antibiotics in 10‐day SEQ: omeprazole 20 mg twice a day + amoxicillin 1 g twice a day (5 days) and omeprazole 20 mg twice a day + clarithromycin 500 mg twice a day + tinidazole 500 mg twice a day (5 days) Sensitivity test (yes/no) to antibiotics before/after treatment: no Method of assessment of H. pylori status after treatment: ¹³C‐UBT, histology and RUT Time for assessment of H. pylori status after treatment: 4 ‐ 6 weeks
Outcomes	ITT eradication rate (%) by treatment group: 10‐day SEQ (group B): 64/72 (88.89) 7‐day STT (group C): 58/71 (80.56) ITT ulcer cicatrisation rate (%) by treatment group: 10‐day SEQ (group B): 55/61 (90.16) 7‐day STT (group C): 45/53 (84.91) Metronidazole resistance (%) before treatment, SEQ ITT/PP: not reported Metronidazole resistance (%) before treatment, STT ITT/PP: not reported Clarithromycin resistance (%) before treatment, SEQ ITT/PP: not reported Clarithromycin resistance (%) before treatment, STT ITT/PP: not reported Compliance (%) in ITT sample SEQ/ STT: > 95% / > 95% Incidence of AEs (%) by type and treatment group: AEs rate (%) in 10‐day SEQ (group B): 14/72 (19.44). 5 with abdominal pain, 1 with constipation, 2 with parageusia, 3 with nausea/vomiting and 3 with pruritus AEs rate (%) in 7‐day STT (group C): 11/71 (15.49). 1 with diarrhoea, 4 with abdominal pain, 1 with parageusia, 1 with glossitis and 3 with nausea/vomiting Incidence rate (%) of serious AEs SEQ/STT: not reported All side effects were self‐limiting after the therapy was ended
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Unclear risk	It was not specified how the randomisation was performed
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information regarding the allocation concealment was provided
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Primary outcome data were clearly reported
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	We consider the study to be unblinded, as it was defined as 'open‐label'
Publication format	Low risk	Full article