Laving 2013.

Methods	Double‐blinded, randomised, controlled trial Format of publication: journal article Dates the study was conducted: from March 2007 to October 2007 Funding sources and potential conflicts of interest: No information of funding nor conflicts of interest reported Definition of compliance: not reported,although authors mentioned that parents were asked 2 weeks after treatment about the treatment schedule
Participants	Number and type of participants: 71 H.pylori‐positive children were enrolled in the study Participants were randomised to 2 different treatment groups: 10‐day standard triple regimen and 10‐day sequential regimen Number of participants randomised: 104 (ITT sample) Number of participants in the ITT 10‐day STT arm: 52 Number of participants in the ITT 10‐day SEQ arm: 52 PP sample: 71 Number of participants in the PP 10‐day STT arm: 45 Number of participants in the PP 10‐day SEQ arm: 26 Country: Kenya Average age (SD) of the population in years reported by treatment group: participants included in either group were under the age of 16 Sex (M/F) per treatment group: 10‐day STT: 24/21 10‐day SEQ: 14/12 H. pylori diagnostic methods in both treatment arm: stool antigen test and/or a repeat histology obtained at repeated endoscopy
Interventions	Name, dose timing of antibiotics in 10‐day STT: pantoprazole 40 mg twice a day + clarithromycin 500 mg twice a day + amoxicillin 1 g twice a day (during 14 days) Name, dose timing of antibiotics in 10‐day SEQ: 1 mg/kg/day omeprazole + 50 mg/ kg/ day amoxicillin (during 5 days) and 1 mg/ kg/ day omeprazole + 15 mg/kg/day + clarithromycin 20 mg/kg/day + tinidazole (during 5 days) (Total: 10 days) Sensitivity test (yes/no) to antibiotics before/after treatment: not reported Method of assessment of H. pylori status after treatment: repeated endoscopy and stool H. pylori antigen testing Time for assessment of H. pylori status after treatment: 6 weeks
Outcomes	ITT eradication rate (%) by treatment group: 10‐day STT: 22/52 (42.3) 10‐day SEQ: 22/52 (42.3) PP eradication rate (%) by treatment group: 10‐day STT: 22/45 (48.8) 10‐day SEQ: 22/26 (84.6) Metronidazole resistance (%) before treatment, SEQ ITT/PP: not reported Metronidazole resistance (%) before treatment, STT ITT/PP: not reported Clarithromycin resistance (%) before treatment, SEQ ITT/PP: not reported Clarithromycin resistance (%) before treatment, STT ITT/PP: not reported PP adherence to the therapy: not reported Incidence of AEs at PP analysis: not reported Incidence (%) serious AEs SEQ/STT: not reported
Notes
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	A computer programme was used to generate random numbers to assign participants to either of the 2 arms as they were recruited
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Unclear risk	No information stated
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	High risk	Data regarding eradication are confusing as authors reported the number of participants eradicated separately by stool antigen negative and histology negative testing
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Both the study physicians and the participants were blinded
Publication format	Low risk	Full article