Outcome	Effect size d (all studies)	Effect size d (all studies except Tsuchida 2010)	Effect size d Studies with low risk of bias (randomisation (allocation sequence generation))	Effect size d Studies with low risk of bias (allocation concealment)	Effect size d Studies with low risk of bias (blinding)	Effect size d Studies with low risk of bias (combined randomisation, allocation concealment, blinding)
1.1 Weight loss (WL) a kg	‐0.97 (95% CI ‐1.73 to ‐0.21)	‐0.95 (95% CI ‐1.75 to ‐0.15)	‐0.1 (95% CI (‐0.99 to ‐0.75)e	‐0.20 (95% CI ‐0.84 to 0.44)f	‐0.56 (95% CI ‐1.59 to 0.48)g	‐0.41 (95% CI ‐0.98 to 0.17)h
1.2 Weight loss (WM) b kg	‐0.52 (95% CI ‐2.62 to 1.59)	n/a3	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias
1.3 BMI (WL) a kg/m2	‐0.47 (95% CI ‐0.77 to ‐0.18)	‐0.47 (95% CI ‐0.78 to ‐0.16)	‐0.05 (95% CI ‐0.85 to 0.84)e	‐0.52 (95% CI ‐0.86 to ‐0.18)f	‐0.05 (95% CI ‐0.85 to 0.84)f	‐0.52 (95% CI‐0.86 to ‐0.18)f
1.4 BMI (WM) b kg/m2	‐0.14 (95% CI ‐0.78 to 0.50)	n/a3	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias
1.5 Waist circumference (WL) a cm	‐0.97 (95% CI ‐1.70 to ‐0.23)	‐0.99 (95% CI ‐1.75 to ‐0.22)	‐0.40 (95% CI ‐2.65 to 1.85)e	0.48 (95% CI ‐0.90 to 1.85)f	‐0.40 (95% CI ‐2.65 to 1.85)f	0.48 (95% CI ‐0.90 to 1.85)f
1.6 Waist circumference (WM) b cm	‐0.75 (95% CI ‐2.66 to 1.15)	n/ac	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias
1.7 Waist‐to‐hip ratio (WL) a	0.00 (95% CI ‐0.01 to 0.01)	0.00 (95% CI ‐0.02 to 0.01)	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias	No studies with low risk of bias
Footnotes aW: weight loss bWM: weight maintenance cn/:not applicable dStatistical method: mean difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) eHsu 2008 fHsu 2008; Suzuki 2009 gHsu 2008; Maki 2009 hHsu 2008; Maki 2009; Suzuki 2009