Ahmad 2020.

Study characteristics
Methods	RCT
Participants	Participants: undergraduate university students (N = 119). Age range: ≥18 years of age, overall mean (SD) age in years was 24.8 (6.5). Recruitment: recruited participants on York University Campus through posters, class visits on permission of course directors, and email invitations via listserves of student associations in the Faculty of Health and Faculty of Liberal Arts. Eligibility: minimal age of 18 years, English language fluency, self‐reported high level of confidence to complete the study, and current undergraduate student status, ability to use a computer and smartphone and Internet literacy were assumed to be de facto skills. Country: Canada
Interventions	Intervention: multi‐component intervention (n = 40) 8‐week Web‐based Full Mindfulness Virtual Community (MVC) interventions. For the first 4 weeks, there were 12 video‐based modules (youth‐specific mental health education and mindfulness‐practice modules, delivered via video recordings), peer‐to‐peer discussion forums (anonymous, asynchronous), and brief guided video conferences (20‐min live video conferences (group‐based) on module topics guided by a mental health professional); and in the second 4 weeks there was continued access to the video‐based modules. Control: no intervention (n = 40) Waitlist control group continued as usual care during the 8‐week period without access to additional resources.
Outcomes	Symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress, quality of life, life satisfaction, mindfulness, self‐perceived change in the academic performance and in class attendance/absenteeism. module use (number of videos watched in full, average frequency of watching each video), exchanges during discussion forums (for appropriateness, supportiveness, and informativeness), and videoc onferences (for ease in access, convenience, help in understanding personal mindfulness practice and mental well‐being, and help via the direct messaging feature).
Equity	High income country, undergraduate university studies.
Notes	Health behaviours: mindfulness was the only outcome reported for this category. Body function: mot applicable. Psychological health: depression and anxiety were the first two reported outcomes (not alphabetically) for this category. Well‐being: quality of life was the only outcome reported for this category. Mortality: not applicable. Adverse effects: no instance of distress warranting support occurred during the trial period. Secondary outcomes: not applicable. Note: waitlist control group extracted as control since there was minimal interaction between participants/researcher. The Web‐based P‐MVC intervention was 8 weeks long and included all the video material of the F‐MVC intervention following a similar release schedule, but it did not offer any video conferences or discussion forums (n=39). A fourth group of face‐to‐face CBT mindfulness is presented elsewhere, study authors reported that the manuscript is under review.
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	"Quote "The randomization allocation sequence was computer‐generated"
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	"Quote "The randomization allocation sequence was computer‐generated by an off‐site team member who concealed it in sequentially numbered, opaque envelopes. These envelopes were opened only after a written consent, keeping participants and research assistants blind to allocation."
Blinding of personnel	Low risk	"Quote "envelopes were opened only after a written consent, keeping participants and research assistants blind to allocation."
Blinding of participants	High risk	"Quote "envelopes were opened only after a written consent, keeping participants and research assistants blind to allocation." Unable to keep the participants blind to the intervention and control conditions once they opened the allocation envelopes after consenting.
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	High risk	Outcomes were self‐reported and participants were aware of assignment.
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Intention‐to‐treat analysis used. Low attrition and similar across groups but reasons not provided.
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Protocol not available
Baseline characteristics similar	Unclear risk	"Quote "participant and other characteristics seemed to be similarly distributed between the control and intervention groups" but access to health insurance, self‐rated health, and weekly physical activity were lower in control group
Baseline outcome measurements similar	Unclear risk	Some variations in baseline depression and stress outcomes.
Protection against contamination	Unclear risk	Not reported except that passwords were changed after the first login while IDs remained the same to prevent the possibility of creating multiple accounts or identities