TABLE 1.
Main baseline characteristics of the patients included the group according to the presence or absence of hemorrhagic transformation.
| Baseline characteristics | Total patients (n = 76) | Non-HT (n = 59) | HT (n = 17) | P value |
| Male sex, n (%) | 57 (75.0) | 42 (71.2) | 15 (88.2) | 0.266 |
| Age (years), mean ± SD | 64.51 ± 12.90 | 63.27 ± 12.82 | 68.82 ± 12.58 | 0.118 |
| Medical history, n (%) | ||||
| Hypertension | 48 (63.2%) | 34 (57.6%) | 14 (82.4%) | 0.115 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 30 (39.5%) | 25 (42.4%) | 5 (29.4%) | 0.335 |
| Dyslipidemia | 46 (60.5%) | 38 (64.4%) | 8 (47.1%) | 0.197 |
| Coronary heart disease | 20 (26.3%) | 13 (22.0%) | 7 (41.2%) | 0.114 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 20 (26.3%) | 16 (27.1%) | 4 (23.5%) | 1.000 |
| Current smoking | 42 (55.3%) | 32 (54.2%) | 10 (58.8%) | 0.738 |
| Antithrombotic therapy before reperfusion, n (%) | 0.358 | |||
| Unused | 58 (76.3%) | 46 (78.0%) | 12 (70.6%) | |
| Antiplatelet drug | 10 (13.2%) | 6 (10.2%) | 4 (23.5%) | |
| Anticoagulant drug | 8 (10.5%) | 7 (11.9%) | 1 (5.9%) | |
| Clinical measures | ||||
| Time from onset to blood sampling (min), median (IQR) | 219.5 (120-300) | 210 (120-280) | 240 (125-535) | 0.214 |
| Time from onset to reperfusion (min), median (IQR) | 250 (135-323.75) | 250 (135-298) | 268 (142-548) | 0.254 |
| Baseline NIHSS score, median (IQR) | 9 (4.25-13.0) | 6 (4-12) | 12 (10.5-18.0) | 0.003 |
| Baseline mRS score, median (IQR) | 3.5 (2-4) | 3 (2-4) | 4 (3-4) | 0.175 |
| Baseline SBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 149.5 (130.0-165.8) | 149 (129.0-169.0) | 153 (143.5-165.0) | 0.366 |
| Baseline DBP (mmHg), median (IQR) | 80 (71.0-91.0) | 78 (70.0-91.0) | 86 (76.0-92.0) | 0.091 |
| Location of lesions, n (%) | 1.000 | |||
| Anterior circulation | 61 (80.3%) | 47 (79.7%) | 14 (82.4%) | |
| Posterior circulation | 15 (19.7%) | 12 (20.5%) | 3 (17.6%) | |
| Site of artery occlusion, n (%) | 0.610 | |||
| Middle cerebral artery | 42 (55.3%) | 31 (52.5%) | 11 (64.7%) | |
| Anterior cerebral artery | 1 (1.3%) | 1 (1.7%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Internal artery | 18 (23.7%) | 15 (25.4%) | 3 (17.6%) | |
| Posterior artery | 7 (9.2%) | 6 (10.2) | 1 (5.9%) | |
| Basilar artery | 4 (5.3%) | 2 (3.4%) | 2 (11.8%) | |
| Vertebral artery | 4 (5.3%) | 4 (6.8%) | 0 (0%) | |
| Treatment methods, n (%) | 0.096 | |||
| Intravenous thrombosis | 35 (46.1%) | 31 (52.5%) | 4 (23.5%) | |
| Mechanical thrombectomy | 22 (28.9%) | 15 (25.4%) | 7 (41.2%) | |
| Bridging therapy | 19 (25.0%) | 13 (22.0%) | 6 (35.3%) | |
| Antithrombotic therapy after reperfusion, n (%) | 0.198 | |||
| Unused | 5 (6.6%) | 2 (3.4%) | 3 (17.6%) | |
| Single antiplatelet drug | 5 (6.6%) | 3 (5.1%) | 2 (11.8%) | |
| Dual antiplatelet drug | 47 (61.8%) | 40 (67.8%) | 7 (41.2%) | |
| Anticoagulant drug | 5 (6.6%) | 4 (6.8%) | 1 (5.9%) | |
| Dual antiplatelet drug combined anticoagulant drug | 14 (18.4%) | 10 (16.9%) | 4 (23.5%) | |
| Laboratory finding at admission, mean ± SD | ||||
| White blood cell (×109/L) | 7.83 ± 2.37 | 7.80 ± 2.10 | 7.94 ± 3.25 | 0.834 |
| Glucose (mmol/L) | 8.40 ± 3.38 | 8.46 ± 3.50 | 8.21 ± 3.02 | 0.787 |
| Platelets (×109/L) | 205.24 ± 56.00 | 209.56 ± 55.92 | 190.24 ± 55.25 | 0.212 |
| Fibrinogen (g/L) | 3.48 ± 1.03 | 3.54 ± 1.11 | 3.27 ± 0.72 | 0.360 |
| Occludin (ng/ml) | 4.18 ± 1.40 | 3.81 ± 1.19 | 5.47 ± 1.25 | < 0.001 |
HT, hemorrhagic transformation; SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; NIHSS, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale; mRS, modified Rankin Scale; SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure.