| Study | Reason for exclusion |
|---|---|
| Bialluch 1980 | Not a randomized controlled trial. |
| Dorner 1982 | Not a randomized controlled trial (field study only). |
| Ebbinghaus 1977 | No urodynamic measures reported. |
| Hallwachs 1981 | Not a randomized controlled trial. |
| Karcher 1982 | Not a randomized controlled trial. |
| Senge 1995 | Duplicate/additional report of a previous publication |
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