Marcantonio 2001.

Study characteristics
Methods	Design: RCT of proactive geriatric consultation in patients with hip fracture Date of study: study dates not reported Power calculation: yes. Study adequately powered for bivariate analyses but not for the multivariate or stratified analyses. Inclusion criteria: all patients aged 65 years and older, admitted for primary surgical repair of hip fracture, who were at intermediate or high risk of delirium (presence of 1 or more delirium risk factors) Exclusion criteria: metastatic cancer or comorbid illness reducing life expectancy to less than 6 months; Unable to obtain consent (or proxy assent) within 24 hours of surgery, or 48 hours of admission
Participants	Number in study: 126 Country: USA Setting: one academic centre orthopaedic department Age mean (SD): Intervention 78 (8), Control 80 (8); P = 0.39 Sex M:F: Intervention 21%, Control 22%; P = 0.9 Co‐morbidity: Charlson Index > 4 Intervention 39%, Control 33%; P = 0.49 Dementia: Intervention 37%, Control 51%; P = 0.13. However, dementia assessment only reported for 90% of participants Frailty: not reported
Interventions	Intervention: Proactive consultation by Consultant Geriatrician, with daily visits starting preoperatively or within 24 hours postoperatively for duration of admission. Protocol based targeted recommendations over and above what was already being done by team, limited to 5 at initial visit and 3 at follow‐up visits. Controls: usual care, consisting of management by orthopaedic team and consultation by internal medicine or geriatrics on reactive rather than proactive basis.
Outcomes	Outcomes reported: ‐ Delirium incidence‐ total cumulative during admission, using CAM (performed daily throughout inpatient stay) ‐ Delirium duration ‐ Length of admission ‐ Return to independent living ‐ Withdrawals from protocol Outcomes not reported: none Frequency of outcomes assessment: daily interviews from enrolment to discharge to complete MMSE, DSI, CAM, MDAS
Notes	Funding source: older Americans Independence Center; Charles Farnworth Trust; Declarations of interest: not reported Delirium examined but not reported at enrolment
Risk of bias
Bias	Authors' judgement	Support for judgement
Random sequence generation (selection bias)	Low risk	Random number table used to generate sequence
Allocation concealment (selection bias)	Low risk	Sealed envelopes prepared with allocation
Blinding of participants and personnel (performance bias) All outcomes	High risk	Nature of intervention precluded blinding of participants and personnel
Blinding of outcome assessment (detection bias) All outcomes	Low risk	Independent researchers conducted delirium assessments and timed not to coincide with Geriatrician consultation. States blinding successfully maintained
Incomplete outcome data (attrition bias) All outcomes	Low risk	All participants accounted for
Selective reporting (reporting bias)	Unclear risk	Insufficient information to assess
Other bias	Low risk	No evidence of other bias