Table 1:

SSB Intake and Risk of Cardiometabolic Disease

Ref	Population	Mean baseline age (SD) or age range Y	Duration    Y	Dietary assessment method	Outcome	Results	Adjustment for potential confounders
Montonen, 2007 33	4304 adults, Finnish Mobile Clinic Health Examination, Finland	40-69	12	Diet History	T2DM a	RR (95% CI) between extreme quartiles of median SSB intake (0 vs. 143 g/d): 1.67 (0.98, 2.87); p- for –trend, 0.01	Age, sex, BMI, energy intake, smoking, geographic area, physical activity, family history of diabetes, prudent dietary score, and conservative pattern score
Paynter, 2006 34	12 204 adults ARIC study, USA	45-64	9	FFQ	T2DM b	Men: RR (95% CI) between extreme quartiles of SSB intake (<1 8-oz serv/d vs. ≥ 2 8-oz serv/d): 1.09 (0.89, 1.33); p- for –trend, 0.68. Women: RR (95% CI) between extreme quintiles of SSB intake: 1.17 (0.94, 1.46); p- for- trend, 0.05	Race, age
Schulze, 2004 23	51603 women     NHS II,     USA	24–44	8	133 -item FFQ	T2DM c	RR (95% CI) between extreme quartiles of SSB intake (<1 serv/mo vs. ≥1 serv/d: 1.83 (1.42, 2.36); p- for- trend, <0.001	Age, alcohol intake, physical activity, family history of diabetes, smoking, post- menopausal hormone use, oral contraceptive use, cereal fiber, magnesium, trans-fat, ratio of polyunsaturated to saturated fat, diet soft drinks, fruit juice, fruit punch
Palmer, 2008 28	43 960 women     BWHS,     USA	21-69	10	68 -item FFQ	T2DM d	RR (95% CI) between extreme quintiles of SSB intake (<1 12-oz serv/mo vs. ≥ 2 12-oz serv/d: 1.24 (1.06, 1.45); p- for –trend, 0.002	Age, family history of diabetes, physical activity, smoking, education, fruit drinks, orange and grapefruit juice, fortified fruit drinks, Kool-Aid, other fruit juices, red meat, processed meat, cereal fiber, coffee and glycemic index
Bazzano, 2009 36	71 346 women NHS, USA	38-63	18	FFQ	T2DM c	RR (95% CI) between extreme quintiles of SSB intake: (<1 12-oz serv/mo vs. 2-3 12-oz serv/d): 1.31 (0.99, 1.74); p-for-trend, <0.001	BMI, physical activity, family history of diabetes, post-menopausal hormone use, alcohol use, smoking, and total energy intake
Nettleton, 2009 35	5011 adults, MESA, USA	45-84	5	FFQ	T2DM e	RR (95% CI) between extreme quartiles of SSB intake (0 vs. ≥ 1 serv/d): 0.86 (0.62, 1.17); p- for –trend, 0.09	Study site, age, sex, race, energy intake, education, physical activity, smoking, at least weekly supplement use, whole grains, refined grains, nuts/seeds, vegetables, white potatoes, coffee, diet soda, red meat, processed meat, high-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, waist circumference
Nettleton, 2009 35	3878 adults, MESA, USA	45-84	5	FFQ	MetSyn f	RR (95% CI) between extreme quartiles of SSB intake (0 vs. ≥ 1 serv/d): 1.15 (0.92, 1.42); p- for –trend, 0.65	Study site, age, sex, race, energy intake, education, physical activity, smoking, at least weekly supplement use, whole grains, refined grains, nuts/seeds, vegetables, white potatoes, coffee, diet soda, red meat, processed meat, high-fat dairy, low-fat dairy, waist circumference

From Malik VS et al Diab Care 2010;33(11):2477-83 (10)

^aNational register confirmed by medical record

^bPresence of one of the following: 1) fasting glucose ³ 126 mg/dl, 2) non-fasting glucose ³ 200 mg/dl, 3) current use of hypoglycemic meds 4) self-report physician diagnosis

^cSelf report of physician diagnosis and supplemental questionnaire

^dConfirmed self report of physician diagnosis

^ePresence of one of the following: 1) fasting glucose ³ 126 mg/dl, 2) current use of hypoglycemic meds 3) self-report physician diagnosis

^fMetabolic syndrome diagnosed according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria/ American Heart Association guidelines as the presence of three or more of the following:1) waist _102 (men) or _88 cm (women), 2) triglycerides _150 mg/dl, 3) HDL cholesterol _40 (men) or _50 mg/dl (women), 4) blood pressure _130/85 mmHg or antihypertensive treatment and 5) fasting glucose _100 mg/dl or antihyperglycemic treatment/ insulin

^gMetabolic syndrome diagnosed according to the modified National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III definition/ American Heart Association guidelines as the presence of three or more of the following:1) waist ≥102 (men) or ≥88 cm (women), 2) triglycerides >150 mg/dl, 3) HDL cholesterol ≤40 (men) or ≤50 mg/dl (women), 4) blood pressure ≥135/85 mmHg or antihypertensive treatment and 5) fasting glucose ≥100 mg/dl or antihyperglycemic treatment/ insulin