| 1.1 1.1 All‐cause mortality |
27 |
1979 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.51, 1.45] |
| 1.1.1 Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease |
11 |
803 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Not estimable |
| 1.1.2 Chronic hepatitis C |
10 |
836 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.04, 3.13] |
| 1.1.3 Liver cirrhosis |
5 |
265 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.91 [0.53, 1.55] |
| 1.1.4 Liver transplant recipients |
1 |
75 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Not estimable |
| 1.2 1.1 All‐cause mortality according to vested interest |
27 |
1979 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.51, 1.45] |
| 1.2.1 Trials with vested interest |
2 |
38 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
2.69 [0.15, 48.64] |
| 1.2.2 Trials without vested interest |
25 |
1941 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.83 [0.48, 1.41] |
| 1.3 All‐cause mortality according to vitamin D status at entry |
27 |
1979 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.86 [0.51, 1.45] |
| 1.3.1 Normal vitamin D status |
8 |
549 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.04, 3.13] |
| 1.3.2 Low vitamin D status |
19 |
1430 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.91 [0.53, 1.55] |
| 1.4 All‐cause mortality according to form of vitamin D |
26 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.4.1 Vitamin D 3
|
20 |
1578 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.83 [0.48, 1.41] |
| 1.4.2 Vitamin D 2
|
3 |
150 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.15, 61.74] |
| 1.4.3 1,25‐dihydroxyvitamin D |
4 |
291 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Not estimable |
| 1.4.4 25‐hydroxyvitamin D |
1 |
12 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.15, 61.74] |
| 1.5 All‐cause mortality (best‐worst‐case and worst‐best‐case scenarios) |
24 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.5.1 Best‐worst‐case scenario |
24 |
1737 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.14 [0.06, 0.30] |
| 1.5.2 Worst‐best‐case scenario |
24 |
1737 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
7.95 [3.55, 17.77] |
| 1.6 Liver‐related mortality |
1 |
18 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
1.62 [0.08, 34.66] |
| 1.7 Serious adverse events |
4 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.7.1 Hypercalcaemia |
1 |
76 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
5.00 [0.25, 100.80] |
| 1.7.2 Myocardial infarction |
2 |
86 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.75 [0.08, 6.81] |
| 1.7.3 Thyroiditis |
1 |
68 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.01, 7.91] |
| 1.7.4 Circular haemorrhoidal prolapse |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.14, 65.90] |
| 1.7.5 Bronchopneumonia |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.02, 7.32] |
| 1.8 Liver‐related morbidity |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Not estimable |
| 1.9 Health‐related quality of life |
0 |
0 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Not estimable |
| 1.10 Non‐serious adverse events |
3 |
|
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
Subtotals only |
| 1.10.1 Glossitis |
1 |
65 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.70 [0.16, 87.58] |
| 1.10.2 Depression |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.14, 65.90] |
| 1.10.3 Lower back pain |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.14, 65.90] |
| 1.10.4 Abdominal bloating |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.02, 7.32] |
| 1.10.5 Cold |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.02, 7.32] |
| 1.10.6 Constipation |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.02, 7.32] |
| 1.10.7 Sore throat |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.02, 7.32] |
| 1.10.8 Sour taste in mouth |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.02, 7.32] |
| 1.10.9 Contused lacerated wound |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.02, 7.32] |
| 1.10.10 Multiple white matter lesions |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.02, 7.32] |
| 1.10.11 Gastro‐oesophageal reflux |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.14, 65.90] |
| 1.10.12 Abdominal menstrual cramps |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.14, 65.90] |
| 1.10.13 Tubular colon adenoma |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.14, 65.90] |
| 1.10.14 Gastric motility disturbance |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.14, 65.90] |
| 1.10.15 Irritable bowel syndrome |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
5.00 [0.27, 92.62] |
| 1.10.16 Knee pain |
1 |
20 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
3.00 [0.14, 65.90] |
| 1.10.17 Severe allergy |
1 |
109 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
5.09 [0.25, 103.64] |
| 1.11 Failure of rapid virological response |
3 |
247 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.75 [0.60, 0.95] |
| 1.12 Failure of early virological response |
4 |
315 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.11, 1.00] |
| 1.13 Failure of sustained virological response |
7 |
630 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.65 [0.42, 1.01] |
| 1.14 Acute cellular rejection in liver transplant recipients |
1 |
75 |
Risk Ratio (M‐H, Random, 95% CI) |
0.33 [0.04, 2.62] |
| 1.15 Vitamin D status (ng/mL) |
15 |
1078 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
18.49 [14.52, 22.47] |
| 1.16 Bone mineral density (g/cm) |
1 |
18 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.15 [0.04, 0.26] |
| 1.17 Aspartate aminotransferase (IU/L) |
12 |
774 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.75 [‐5.41, 1.91] |
| 1.18 Alanine aminotransferase (IU/L |
13 |
855 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.30 [‐7.60, 3.00] |
| 1.19 Alkaline phosphatases (IU/L) |
6 |
344 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.95 [‐15.10, 13.20] |
| 1.20 Gamma‐glutamyl transpeptidase (IU/L) |
4 |
227 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐2.69 [‐5.26, ‐0.11] |
| 1.21 Bilirubin (mg/dL) |
3 |
74 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.32 [0.00, 0.63] |
| 1.22 Triglyceride (mg/dL) |
5 |
460 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
11.27 [‐10.99, 33.53] |
| 1.23 Cholesterol (mg/dL) |
4 |
400 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
3.51 [‐2.83, 9.85] |
| 1.24 LDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
4 |
400 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.97 [‐8.70, 6.76] |
| 1.25 Albumin (g/L) |
3 |
74 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐1.18 [‐2.96, 0.59] |
| 1.26 HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) |
4 |
400 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.14 [‐0.64, 2.92] |
| 1.27 Calcium (mg/dL) |
7 |
423 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.04 [‐0.12, 0.19] |
| 1.28 Glucose (mg/dL) |
6 |
469 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.44 [‐5.05, 7.94] |
| 1.29 Phosphorus (mg/dL) |
4 |
307 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.17 [‐0.16, 0.50] |
| 1.30 Adiponectin (µg/mL) |
4 |
276 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
1.02 [‐0.27, 2.30] |
| 1.31 Insulin (mIU/mL) |
6 |
428 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
0.03 [‐1.15, 1.21] |
| 1.32 Parathyroid hormone (pg/mL) |
2 |
118 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐15.18 [‐38.54, 8.18] |
| 1.33 C‐reactive protein (mg/L) |
4 |
254 |
Mean Difference (IV, Random, 95% CI) |
‐0.50 [‐0.93, ‐0.07] |
