FIG 7.

Serine promotes O. niloticus survival through glutathione synthesis. (A) Quantification of gene expression in control, dying, and surviving groups. (B) Quantification of gene expression in serine-treated group. (C) Quantification of glutathione in control, dying, and surviving groups. (D) Quantification of ROS in control, dying, and survival groups. Statistical analysis was performed with Mann-Whitney U test. *, P < 0.05; **, P < 0.01. Error bars represented means ± SEM from at least three biological replicates. All of the experiments were repeated at least three times.