Table 1.
Panel of antibodies and small molecule inhibitors that block different macrophage-recruiting chemokines/cytokines
| Recruiting chemokine | Inhibitor | Cancer type | Phase | Trial design/outcome | NCT number |
| CCL2 | Carlumab | Prostate cancer Solid tumors |
II | Carlumab is well-tolerated with no anticancer activity as a single agent | NCT00992186 |
| CXCL12 | Plerixafor | Metastatic pancreatic cancer | II | Trial is recruiting for a regimen of plerixafor and cemiplimab. Previous preclinical study highlighted the potential of plerixafor in reverting resistance to immune therapy | NCT04177810 |
| CSF‐1 | Emactuzumab | Solid cancers | I | Emactuzumab is tested in combination with atezolizumab, as previous study showed that emactuzumab is well-tolerated and highly active | NCT02323191 |
| CSF-1R | JNJ-40346527 | Solid tumors | I/II | ORR: 1/21 (5%) CBR: 11/21 (52%) |
NCT01572519 |
| CCR2 | CCX872-B | Pancreatic cancer | IB | The combination of CCX872 with FOLFIRINOX chemotherapy resulted in higher OS of 29% | NCT02345408 |
| PF04136309 | Pancreatic cancer | IB | Combination of PF04136309 and FOLFIRINOX resulted in objective tumor response and local tumor control in 97% of patients | NCT01413022 |
CBR, clinical benefit rate; ORR, objective response rate; OS, overall survival.