Study ID |
Study design |
Number of arms |
Country |
Being fully or partly funded by industry |
Follow‐up duration |
Care setting |
Total participants (male/female, only those with available data ) |
Age |
Ulcer stage at baseline |
Average ulcer surface area (cm2) |
Study arm 1 (healing/total/ missing) |
Study arm 2 (healing/total/ missing) |
Allman 1987 * |
RCT |
2 |
USA |
Partly |
13 days |
Hospital |
72 (27/38) |
66.6 |
superficial & deep |
9.4 |
Reactive air surfaces (20/36) |
Foam surfaces (15/36) |
Cassino 2013 |
RCT |
2 |
Italy |
Fully |
12 weeks |
Community & long‐term care |
72 (17/55) |
85.4 |
1 to 4 |
ND |
Reactive gel surfaces (5/37) |
Standard hospital surfaces (3/35) |
Day 1993 |
RCT |
2 |
USA |
Partly |
7 days |
Hospital |
83 (35/48) |
76 |
2 to 4, unstageable |
ND |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (ND) |
Foam surfaces (ND) |
Devine 1995 |
RCT |
2 |
UK |
Partly |
4 weeks |
Hospital |
41 (17/24) |
82.5 |
2 to 4 |
12.8 |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (10/16/6) |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (5/14/5) |
Evans 2000a |
RCT |
2 |
UK |
Fully |
20.5 days |
Hospital |
12 (6/6) |
72.2 |
2 to 4 |
4.2 |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (3/7/0) |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (3/5/0) |
Evans 2000b |
RCT |
2 |
UK |
Fully |
53.5 days |
Community & long‐term care |
20 (1/19) |
86.5 |
2 to 4 |
6.6 |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (1/10/0) |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (5/10/0) |
Ferrell 1993 * |
RCT |
2 |
USA |
Partly |
37.5 days |
Community & long‐term care |
84 (42/42) |
84.5 |
2 to 4 |
4.2 |
Reactive air surfaces (26/43) |
Foam surfaces (19/41) |
Groen 1999 * |
RCT |
2 |
Netherlands |
ND |
4 weeks |
ND |
120 |
ND |
3 to 4 |
ND |
Foam surfaces (22/49) |
Reactive water surfaces (25/52) |
Mulder 1994 * |
RCT |
2 |
USA |
Fully |
12 weeks |
Community & long‐term care |
49 |
ND |
3 to 4 |
ND |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (5/31) |
Foam surfaces (3/18) |
Munro 1989 |
RCT |
2 |
USA |
Fully |
15 days |
Hospital |
40 (40/0) |
ND |
2 to 3 |
18.62 |
Reactive air surfaces (ND) |
Standard hospital surfaces (ND) |
Russell 2000 |
RCT |
2 |
UK |
Fully |
18 months |
Hospital |
183 |
84.2 |
2 or above |
ND |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (24/55) |
Alternating pressure (active) air surfaces (17/58) |
Strauss 1991 |
RCT |
2 |
USA |
Fully |
36 weeks |
Community & long‐term care |
112 (57/55) |
64 |
3 to 4 |
ND |
Reactive air surfaces (29/47) |
Standard hospital surfaces (ND) |