| Supplement |
Number of trials |
Participants number |
RR (95%CI) |
Heterogeneity (%) |
| Beta‐carotene given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements |
31 |
195,503 |
1.05, 1.02 to 1.07 |
34 |
| Beta‐carotene given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with low risk of bias |
26 |
173,006 |
1.06, 1.03 to 1.08 |
21 |
| Beta‐carotene given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with high risk of bias |
5 |
22,497 |
0.88, 0.78 to 0.99 |
31 |
| Vitamin A given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements |
18 |
61,190 |
1.08, 1.03 to 1.13 |
26 |
| Vitamin A given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with low risk of bias |
12 |
41,144 |
1.11, 1.05 to 1.16 |
27 |
| Vitamin A given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with high risk of bias |
6 |
20,046 |
0.95, 0.85 to 1.07 |
0 |
| Vitamin C given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements |
41 |
90,191 |
1.01, 0.96 to 1.05 |
0 |
| Vitamin C given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with low risk of bias |
29 |
65,942 |
1.02, 0.98 to 1.07 |
0 |
| Vitamin C given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with high risk of bias |
12 |
24,249 |
0.92, 0.83 to 1.03 |
0 |
| Vitamin E given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements |
64 |
211,957 |
1.01, 0.99 to 1.04 |
0 |
| Vitamin E given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with low risk of bias |
46 |
171,244 |
1.03, 1.00 to 1.05 |
0 |
| Vitamin E given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with high risk of bias |
18 |
40,713 |
0.92, 0.85 to 0.99 |
0 |
| Selenium given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements |
24 |
86,150 |
0.95, 0.90 to 0.1.01 |
0 |
| Selenium given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with low risk of bias |
17 |
62,740 |
0.97, 0.91 to 1.03 |
0 |
| Selenium given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements ‐ trials with high risk of bias |
7 |
23,410 |
0.91, 0.81 to 1.01 |
0 |
| All antioxidant supplements given singly or in combination with other antioxidant supplements |
78 |
296,707 |
1.03, 1.01 to 1.05 |
12 |
