Table 1.
Demographics, laboratory data, and outcome in patients with COVID-19, grouped by eGFR > 60 or ≤ 60 ml/min × 1.73 m2 with or without contrast-enhanced CT
| (a) Patients without RRT at CT |
1. eGFR≥30–60 contrast-enhaned CT (n = 17) |
2. eGFR> 60 contrast-enhaned CT (n = 110) |
3. eGFR≤60 unenhanced CT (n = 11) |
4. eGFR> 60 unenhanced CT (n = 8) |
p-value* |
| Demographics | |||||
| Men/women nr subjects) | 14/3 | 77/33 | 7/4 | 6/2 | 0.65 |
| Age (years) | 65 (61–76) | 58 (49–64) | 59 (51–68) | 64 (50–70) | 0.029 |
| Weight (kg) | 75 (72–87) | 80 (72–93) | 74 (61–87) | 79 (64–90) | 0.53 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25 (23–30) | 28 (24–31) | 25 (21–29) | 25 (21–27) | 0.19 |
| Thromboembolic treatment | |||||
| 24 h before CT exam (%)(n = no/yes), n = 144 | 76 (n = 4/n = 13) | 76 (n = 26/ n = 84) | 89 (n = 1/n = 8) | 88 (n = 1/n = 7) | 0.75 |
| Co-morbidities | |||||
|
Renal disease n = 144 |
25 (4/12) | 0 (0/109) | 55 (6/5) | 13 (1/7) | < 0.001 |
|
Hypertension n = 141 |
60 (9/6) | 36 (38/68) | 64 (7/4) | 13 (1/7) | 0.037 |
|
Heart failure n = 144 |
13 (2/14) | 5 (5/104) | 18 (2/9) | 13 (1/7) | 0.24 |
|
Type 2 diabetes n = 143 |
24 (4/12) | 20 (22/86) | 18 (2/9) | 25 (2/6) | 0.96 |
| Laboratory data | |||||
| P-creatinine at CT, n = 146 | 130 (121–153) | 61 (48–76) | 163 (132–201) | 65 (45–80) | 1 vs 3 < 0.001/ 2 vs 3 p < 0.001/2 vs 4 0.85/3 vs 4 p < 0.001 |
| P-creatinine 24 h after CT exam, n = 127 | 130 (118–186) | 61 (49–74) | 136 (105–151) | 63 (43–89) | 1 vs 3 0.97/ 2 vs 4 0.97 |
| P-creatinine 48 h after CT exam, n = 128 | 130 (111–192) | 62 (50–73) | 123 (112–159) | 69 (54–74) | 1 vs 3 0.46/ 2 vs 4 ns 0.95 |
| P-creatinine 4–10 days after CT exam, n = 110 | 129 (77–197) (n = 14) | 62 (48–75) (n = 78) | 85 (70–124) (n = 9) | 64 (53–79) (n = 9) | 1 vs 3 0.09/ 2 vs 4 0.59 |
| P-creatinine rise > 26.5 μmol/L or > 50% 48 h after CT exam n = 128 | 24 (n = 3/n = 14) | 5 (n = 5/n = 92) | 20 (n = 2/n = 8) | 0 (n = 5) | 0.037 † |
| P-creatinine rise > 50% at days 4–10 after CT exam and/or RRT initiated, n = 110 | 36 (n = 5/n = 9) | 5 (n = 4/n = 75) | 0 (n = 9) | 0 (n = 8) | < 0.001 † |
| CRP at CT scan (mg/L), n = 126 | 186 (71–292) | 71 (26–163) | 186 (74–257) | 96 (42–197) | 0.005, 1 vs 2 p < 0.01, 1 vs 4 p < 0.05 |
| Total contrast dose (ml), n = 111 | 60 (50–100) (n = 15) | 60 (60–70) (n = 96) | n.a. | n.a. | 0.96 |
| Contrast dose (ml/kg), n = 98 | 0.80 (0.69–1.22) | 0.76 (0.65–0.94) | n.a. | n.a. | 0.58 |
| Outcome data | |||||
| ICU support at CT exam n = 144 | 56 (n = 9/n = 7) | 23 (n = 25/n = 84) | 18 (n = 2/n = 9) | 0 (n = 0/n = 8) | < 0.01 † |
| 30-day mortality n = 146 | 53 (n = 9/n = 8) | 11 (n = 12/n = 98) | 18 (n = 2/n = 9) | 13 (n = 1/n = 7) | < 0.001 † |
| (b) Patients without RRT at CT and eGFR≥30–60 CE | 1. P-creatinine rise > 50% at 4–10 days after CT exam and/or RRT initiated (n = 5) | 2. P-creatinine rise < 50% at 4–10 days after CT exam (n = 9) | p-value* | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Age | 68 (65–76) | 64 (54–70) | 0.55 | ||
| Weight | 72 (64–75) | 76 (79–86) | 0.21 | ||
| Laboratory data | |||||
| Pre-Covid P-creatinine | 97 (82–106) | 97 (77–114) | 0.95 | ||
| P-creatinine at CT | 129 (124–130) | 143 (118–155) | 0.49 | ||
| P-creatinine at 24 h | 143 (126–196) | 123 (116–139) | 0.31 | ||
| P-creatinine at 48 h | 163 (138–196) | 108 (103–126) | 0.13 | ||
| P-creatinine at 4–10 days | 207 (197–237) | 88 (68–118) | < 0.001 | ||
| CRP in mg/L | 295 (274–331) | 136 (59–221) | 0.06 | ||
| Outcome data | |||||
| 30-day mortality | 80 (4/1) | 33 (3/6) | 0.09 † | ||
| (c) Patients with existing RRT at contrast-enhanced CT vs. the entire unenhanced CT group |
1. Contrast-enhaned CT and RRT (n = 15) |
3. Unenhanced CT (n = 24, including 19 without and 5 with RRT) |
p-value* | ||
| Demographics | |||||
| Men/women (nr of subjects) | 13/2 | 18/6 | 0.37 | ||
| Age (years) | 59 (55–64) | 62 (48–67) | 0.65 | ||
| Weight (kg) | 85 (70–100) | 76 (68–90) | 0.16 | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 28 (24–32) | 25 (23–27) | 0.08 | ||
|
Thromboembolic treatment 24 h before CT exam (%)(n = no/yes), n = 37 |
87 (n = 2/n = 13) | 86 (n = 3/n = 19) | 0.98 | ||
| Co-morbidities | |||||
| Renal disease | 7 (1/14) | 30 (7/17) | 0.08 | ||
| Hypertension | 36 (5/9) | 43 (10/13) | 0.64 | ||
| Heart failure | 0 (0/15) | 13 (3/20) | 0.14 | ||
| Type 2 diabetes | 13 (2/13) | 26 (6/17) | 0.35 | ||
| Laboratory data | |||||
| P-creatinine, n = 39 | 161 (130–232) | 129 (80–187) | 0.68 | ||
| P-creatinine 24 h after CT exam, n = 34 | 151 (132–219) | 108 (86–151) | 0.47 | ||
| P-creatinine 48 h after CT exam, n = 33 | 127 (105–175) | 117(74–159) | 0.69 | ||
| P-creatinine 4–10 days after CT exam, n = 33 | 188 (67–358) (n = 14) | 82 (62–131) (n = 21) | 0.12 | ||
| P-creatinine rise 26.5 μmol/L or > 50% 48 h after CT exam, n = 33 | 29 (n = 4/n = 10) | 11 (n = 2/17) | 0.18 † | ||
| P-creatinine rise > 50% at days 4–10 after CT (%), n = 33 | 36 (n = 5/n = 9) | 5 (n = 1/20) | 0.017 † | ||
| CRP at CT scan (mg/L) | 101 (54–190) | 127 (74–204) | 0.70 | ||
| Total contrast dose (ml), n = 14 | 110 (60–129) | n.a. | |||
| Contrast dose (ml/kg), n = 11 | 1.10 (0.69–1.43) | n.a. | |||
| Outcome data | |||||
| ICU support at CT exam, n = 39 | 100 (n = 15/n = 0) | 25 (n = 6/n = 18) | < 0.001 † | ||
| 30-day mortality, n = 39 | 40 (n = 6/n = 9) | 21 (n = 5/n = 19) | 0.20 † | ||
Values are presented as the median (interquartile range). Comorbidities, and outcome data are expressed as %, (affected subjects / total subjects in each group). Statistics are based on: *analysis of variance (ANOVA) with post-hoc Fisher’s test, or t-test, or †Pearson χ 2 test.
BMI body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, CT computed tomography, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate (ml/min/1.73 m2), ICU intensive care unit, n number of subjects, n.a. not applicable, non-CE CT without CE, P-creatinine plasma creatinine in μmol/L, RRT renal replacement therapy