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. 2021 Aug 31;15(1):43–53. doi: 10.1007/s12195-021-00696-7

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Human umbilical vein endothelial cell viability (a), density (b) and metabolic activity (c) after a short duration exposure (1 h) to SARS-CoV-2 structural proteins; spike (S), nucleocapsid (N) protein and membrane-envelope (M) protein. All data are reported as the mean + standard error of the mean for 3 independent (viability and density) or 6 independent experiments (MTT). Viability (a) and metabolic activity (c) are normalized to our negative control, which would have a value of ‘1’ on these plots. *Significantly different than negative control (ANOVA, Duncan method, P < 0.05).