Comparison 3. inhaled steroid vs placebo Jadad scores 3‐5.

Outcome or subgroup title	No. of studies	No. of participants	Statistical method	Effect size
1 osteocalcin	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.44 [‐0.85, ‐0.03]
2 urinary hydroxyproline (umol/L GF)	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐0.08 [‐0.52, 0.36]
3 parathyroid hormone ng/L	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐7.5 [‐15.73, 0.73]
4 alkaline phosphatase	1	30	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	‐11.0 [‐25.30, 3.30]
5 Bone mineral density	2	348	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.05 [‐0.21, 0.31]
5.1 Change at femoral neck (% fall)	1	149	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.86 [‐0.85, 2.57]
5.2 Change at lumbar spine (% fall)	2	199	Mean Difference (IV, Fixed, 95% CI)	0.03 [‐0.24, 0.29]
6 Vertebral fracture	1	653	Peto Odds Ratio (Peto, Fixed, 95% CI)	1.70 [0.42, 6.87]