11. Post‐operative complications after three months.
| Late post‐operative complications (after three months) | ||||||||||||||||
| EVLA versus RFA | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | EVLA | RFA | EVLA | RFA | EVLA | RFA | EVLA | RFA | EVLA | RFA | EVLA | RFA | EVLA | RFA | EVLA | RFA |
| Nordon 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
| Rasmussen 2011a | ||||||||||||||||
| Recovery 2009 | ||||||||||||||||
| Shepherd 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
| Syndor 2017 | 8/79 (10.3) |
6/74 (8.33) |
0/79 (0) |
0/74 (0) |
10/79 (12.66) |
6/74 (8.11) |
0/79 (0) |
2/74 (2.7) |
0/79 (0) |
0/74 (0) |
0/79 (0) |
0/74 (0) |
||||
| EVLA versus EVSA | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | EVLA | EVSA | EVLA | EVSA | EVLA | EVSA | EVLA | EVSA | EVLA | EVSA | EVLA | EVSA | EVLA | EVSA | EVLA | EVSA |
| LAST 2014 | 0/98 (0) |
2/107 (1.9) |
0/98 (0) |
3/107 (2.8) |
||||||||||||
| EVLA versus UGFS | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | EVLA | UGFS | EVLA | UGFS | EVLA | UGFS | EVLA | UGFS | EVLA | UGFS | EVLA | UGFS | EVLA | UGFS | EVLA | UGFS |
| Magna 2013 | 0/78 (0) |
1/77 (1.3) |
1/78 (1.3) |
1/77 (1.3) |
||||||||||||
| Rasmussen 2011a | ||||||||||||||||
| Vernermo 2016 | ||||||||||||||||
| EVLA versus CA | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | EVLA | CA | EVLA | CA | EVLA | CA | EVLA | CA | EVLA | CA | EVLA | CA | EVLA | CA | EVLA | CA |
| Calik 2019 | 13/200 (7) |
2/200 (1.1) |
3/200 (1.6) |
1/200 (0.5) |
0/200 (0) |
0/200 (0) |
2/200 (1.1) |
0/200 (0) |
||||||||
| EVLA versus MOCA | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | EVLA | MOCA | EVLA | MOCA | EVLA | MOCA | EVLA | MOCA | EVLA | MOCA | EVLA | MOCA | EVLA | MOCA | EVLA | MOCA |
| Vähäaho 2019 | 3/33 (11) |
0/55 (0) |
3/33 (11) |
6/55 (11) |
||||||||||||
| EVLA versus HL/S (surgery) | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | EVLA | HL/S | EVLA | HL/S | EVLA | HL/S | EVLA | HL/S | EVLA | HL/S | EVLA | HL/S | EVLA | HL/S | EVLA | HL/S |
| Darwood 2008a | 0/80 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/80 (0) |
1/34 (3) |
0/80 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/80 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/80 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/80 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/80 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/80 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
| Flessenkämper 2013 | 23/127 (18) |
5/128 (4) |
12/127 (9.4) |
14/128 (11) |
||||||||||||
| HELP‐1 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
| Magna 2013 | 0/78 (0) |
1/68 (1.5) |
1/78 (1.3) |
0/68 (0) |
||||||||||||
| Pronk 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
| Rasmussen 2007a | 0/96 (0) |
0/68 (0) |
0/96 (0) |
1/68 (2) |
0/96 (0) |
0/68 (0) |
0/96 (0) |
0/68 (0) |
0/96 (0) |
0/68 (0) |
0/96 (0) |
0/68 (0) |
0/96 (0) |
0/68 (0) |
0/96 (0) |
0/68 (0) |
| Rasmussen 2011a | ||||||||||||||||
| RELACS 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
| Vernermo 2016 | ||||||||||||||||
| RFA versus UGFS | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | RFA | UGFS | RFA | UGFS | RFA | UGFS | RFA | UGFS | RFA | UGFS | RFA | UGFS | RFA | UGFS | RFA | UGFS |
| Rasmussen 2011a | ||||||||||||||||
| RFA versus CA | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | RFA | CA | RFA | CA | RFA | CA | RFA | CA | RFA | CA | RFA | CA | RFA | CA | RFA | CA |
| Morrison 2015 | 0/84 (0) |
1/86 (1.2) |
||||||||||||||
| RFA versus MOCA | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | RFA | MOCA | RFA | MOCA | RFA | MOCA | RFA | MOCA | RFA | MOCA | RFA | MOCA | RFA | MOCA | RFA | MOCA |
| Lane 2017 | ||||||||||||||||
| MARADONA 2019 | ||||||||||||||||
| Vähäaho 2019 | 2/29 (6.9) |
0/55 (0) |
4/29 (13.8) |
|||||||||||||
| RFA versus HL/S (surgery) | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | RFA | HL/S | RFA | HL/S | RFA | HL/S | RFA | HL/S | RFA | HL/S | RFA | HL/S | RFA | HL/S | RFA | HL/S |
| EVOLVeS 2003 | 0/43 (0) |
3/34 (9) |
0/43 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/43 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/43 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/43 (0) |
1/34 (3) |
0/43 (0) |
2/34 (6) |
0/43 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
0/43 (0) |
0/34 (0) |
| Helmy ElKaffas 2011 | ||||||||||||||||
| Rasmussen 2011a | ||||||||||||||||
| Rautio 2002 | 0/15 (0) |
0/13 (0) |
1/15 (0) |
5/13 (38) |
0/15 (0) |
0/13 (0) |
0/15 (0) |
0/13 (0) |
0/15 (0) |
0/13 (0) |
0/15 (0) |
0/13 (0) |
0/15 (0) |
0/13 (0) |
0/15 (0) |
0/13 (0) |
| Subramonia 2010 | ||||||||||||||||
| UGFS versus HL/S (surgery) | ||||||||||||||||
| Study | Minor (not requiring intervention) (%) | Major (requiring intervention) (%) | ||||||||||||||
| Adverse event | Haematoma (wound or thigh) | Saphenous nerve injury | Thermal injury/ inflammation | Wound problems (groin/stab) | Bruising and pigmentation | Phlebitis | Wound problems | Other | ||||||||
| Technique | UGFS | HL/S | UGFS | HL/S | UGFS | HL/S | UGFS | HL/S | UGFS | HL/S | UGFS | HL/S | UGFS | HL/S | UGFS | HL/S |
| FOAM 2010 | 12/213 (5.6) |
2/177 (1.1) |
||||||||||||||
| Magna 2013 | 1/77 (1.3) |
1/68 (1.5) |
||||||||||||||
| Rasmussen 2011a | ||||||||||||||||
| Vernermo 2016 | ||||||||||||||||
aResults only available per limb, not per participant
CA: cyanoacrylate glue EVLA: endovenous laser ablation EVSA: endovenous steam ablation HL/S: high ligation and stripping MOCA: mechanochemical ablation RFA: radio frequency ablation UGFS: ultrasound‐guided foam sclerotherapy